RESUMO
Resumo Introdução: O sentido de humor tem sido estudado como uma estratégia para lidar com adversidade, sendo considerado um importante mecanismo de coping, utilizado em situações de stress. Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre sentido de humor, o bem-estar subjetivo e as competências de coping desportivo num grupo de atletas. Métodos: Estudo transversal e correlacional, realizado numa amostra não probabilística de 47 atletas de triatlo e mountain Bike. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28, Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (versão portuguesa), Escala de Felicidade Subjectiva de Lyubomirsky e Lepper e Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e o nível de significância adotado foi p<0,05. Resultados: Produção e Uso Social do Humor e Apreciação do Humor estão positivamente correlacionadas com a Felicidade Subjetiva. O Humor Adaptativo e a Produção e Uso Social do Humor estão positivamente correlacionados com a dimensão Afetividade Positiva e com a dimensão Rendimento sob Pressão da Escala de Competências de Coping Desportivo. Conclusões: O papel do sentido de humor e suas dimensões no bem-estar subjetivo dos atletas e nas suas competências psicológicas, deve ser considerado na conceção de programas de promoção de estratégias de coping e de saúde mental em atletas.
Abstract Background: Sense of humor has been studied as a strategy to deal with adversity and is considered an important coping mechanism used in stressful situations. Aim: To verify the relationship between humor, subjective well-being and sports coping skills in a group of athletes. Methods: Cross-sectional and correlational study. Performed on a non-probabilistic sample of 47 triathlon and mountain bike athletes. The instruments used were: Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28, Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (portuguese version), Lyubomirsky and Lepper's subjective happiness scale and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Descriptive statistics and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used, and the significance level adopted was p<0.05. Results: Production and Social Use of Humor and Humor Appreciation are positively correlated with subjective happiness. Adaptive Humor and Production and Social Use of Humor are positively correlated with the positive affect dimension and the performance under pressure dimension of the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory. Conclusions: The role of humor and its dimensions in the subjective well-being of athletes and their psychological skills should be considered in the design of programs to promote coping strategies and mental health in athletes.
Resumen Contexto: El sentido del humor se ha estudiado como una estrategia para enfrentar la adversidad y se considera un mecanismo de afrontamiento importante utilizado en situaciones estresantes. Objetivo(s): Verificar la relación entre el humor, el bienestar subjetivo y las habilidades de afrontamiento deportivo en un grupo de atletas. Metodología: Estudio transversal y correlacional. Realizado en una muestra no probabilística de 47 atletas de triatlón y bicicleta de montaña. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28, Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (versión portuguesa), Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva de Lyubomirsky y Lepper y Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y el nivel de significancia adoptado fue p<0.05. Resultados: La producción y el uso social del humor y la apreciación del humor están positivamente correlacionados con la Felicidad Subjetiva. El Humor Adaptativo y la Producción y el Uso Social del Humor se correlacionan positivamente con la dimensión de Afecto Positivo y la dimensión de Rendimiento sobre Presión de la Escala de Habilidades de Afrontamiento Deportivo. Conclusiones: El papel del humor y sus dimensiones en el bienestar subjetivo de los atletas y sus competencias psicológicas deben considerarse en el diseño de programas para promover estrategias de afrontamiento y salud mental en los atletas.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the cumulative physiological burden of repetitive, strenuous exercise held during mountain cycling ultramarathon on regulatory mechanisms of hemoglobin degradation. METHODS: Fifty-five nonprofessional athletes (mean age, 44.8 ± 7.1 yr) participating in a 9-consecutive-day mountain cycling ultramarathon (TransPortugal) underwent anthropometric, hematological, and biochemical assessments before and immediately after the race. Participants were further stratified as completers (nine courses) or noncompleters and were divided according to the time they took to complete the race. The heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) functional genetic polymorphism and haptoglobin (HP) phenotypic variants were also analyzed. RESULTS: Total leukocytes, neutrophil count, and monocyte count increased, whereas decreases in erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin were found between pre- and postultramarathon. Circulating haptoglobin (Hp) was increased, whereas its soluble receptor (sCD163) decreased. Athletes who completed all nine courses presented with increased leukocyte, neutrophil, and erythrocyte counts, as well as hemoglobin, red cell distribution width, total bilirubin, and total cholesterol levels. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and Hp decreased in comparison with noncompleters. HMOX1 and HP genetic polymorphisms were associated with biochemical profile, notably with Hp levels. Analysis of covariance showed a significant effect of HP phenotype in Hp circulating levels at the end of race and on the magnitude of variation from pre- to postrace. CONCLUSIONS: Present findings support a comodulatory influence of genetic- and exercise-associated factors on resulting inflammatory and hemoglobin catabolic marker Hp after highly demanding endurance exercise.
