RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Investigation into the impact of dental trauma on the results of orthodontic treatment is crucial because it can have a major influence on patient care. However, there has not yet been a thorough review or meta-analysis of the available data, which is inconsistent and scant. Therefore, the goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the impact of dental trauma on orthodontic parameters. Search methods and criterion of selection: Major online databases were searched (beginning from the year 2011) for relevant articles using a properly defined search strategy. Analysis protocol: Risk of bias (RoB) and the Cochrane risk of bias tool were utilized for the purposes of bias evaluation within the individual studies and within the review, respectively. RESULTS: Out of the six clinical trials selected, a significant impact of trauma was observed in individuals in all but one paper. Gender predilection varied across studies and could not be conclusively determined. The follow-up period ranged from two months to two years in the trials. The odds ratio (OR) 0.38 [0.19, 0.77] and the risk ratio (RR) 0.52 [0.32, 0.85] indicated that both the odds as well as the relative risk of experiencing dental trauma were lower in the group with negligible impact compared to the group with noticeable impact. Conclusion and further implications: The findings show that dental trauma significantly affects orthodontic parameters, with lower risk and likelihood of suffering dental trauma in the group with negligible impact than in the group with noticeable impact. However, given the substantial heterogeneity among the studies, it is advised to exercise caution when extrapolating the findings to all populations. Registration and protocol: Registration in the PROSPERO database was carried out before initiating the investigation [CRD42023407218].
RESUMO
Aim and objective: To report on the prevalence and patterns of orofacial clefts (OFC) among Saudi Arabian children by analyzing the results of the studies that have been reported in the literature. Materials and methods: A data search was carried out for the articles that had reported on the prevalence of OFC among the Saudi Arabian population in databases like Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Saudi Digital Library. Articles that were published over the last 15 years were included in this study, following which 13 studies were assessed for qualitative data. Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scales for cross-sectional studies were used for analyzing the methodological quality of these studies. Results: The prevalence of OFC was within the range of 0.65-1.9/1,000 live births. The highest was witnessed in the Medina region. Parent's consanguinity was the most common risk factor in OFC cases in the included studies. OFC was found to be higher among the male population in comparison with the female. Conclusion: The prevalence of OFC in Saudi Arabian children follows the global patterns of OFC. Isolated cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) are the most common forms of OFC. The prevalence of orofacial anomalies was reported more among children born to parents who had consanguineous marriages. Considering the higher rate of consanguinity among this population, there is an urgent need of developing educational and counseling programs to address the genetic consequences. How to cite this article: Albalawi F Alsaeed S, Alalola B, et al. Prevalence and Patterns of Orofacial Clefts among Children from Different Regions of Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):124-130.
RESUMO
There are various techniques and designs for springs used in orthodontic treatment, including frictionless methods for closing spaces. However, there is limited explicit evidence to support the superiority of one method over another. This review aims to investigate the available evidence and highlight the advantages of these different methods. This review contained six papers, and information such as study design, spring design, applied force systems, variables studied, follow-up period, and records were extracted. All of the studies focused on canine retraction with the Ladanyi spring showing the highest rate of movement (1.8 mm per month) among all springs for upper canine retraction. The Gjessing and T-loop springs outperformed the Reverse Closing Loop and Ricketts spring, respectively, substantially. In terms of tip control, the T-loop spring showed a clear advantage over the modified Marcotte spring with a difference of 1.2° vs. 6.6° per 3 months. Additionally, it was observed that the Reverse Closing Loop caused a significant loss of anchorage during canine retraction with a medial movement of 2.4 mm. When comparing wire types, no significant differences were found between TMA and Nitinol, while stainless steel was found to be less effective in terms of movement rate and tip control. However, the results indicated that there was no clear evidence that one specific technique was definitively preferable to another; therefore, there is an urgent need for more studies with proper study designs to produce more robust conclusions.
