Formulation of Multicomponent Chrysin-Hydroxy Propyl ß Cyclodextrin-Poloxamer Inclusion Complex Using Spray Dry Method: Physicochemical Characterization to Cell Viability Assessment.

The work aimed to enhance chrysin (CHR) water solubility, dissolution, and in vitro antibacterial as well as cell viability. Chrysin binary, as well as ternary inclusion complex, were prepared using the spray drying method. The influence of an auxiliary component (poloxamer; PLX) was also assessed after being incorporated into the chrysin HP ßCD complex (CHR-BC) and formed as a chrysin ternary complex (CHR-TC). The phase solubility investigation was carried out in order to assess the complexation efficiency and stability constant. The samples were assessed for the dissolution test, physicochemical evaluation, antibacterial activity, and cell viability tests were also assessed. The results of the phase solubility investigation showed that the stability constant for the binary system (268 M-1) was lower than the ternary system (720 M-1). The complex stability was validated by the greater stability constant value. The dissolution results showed that pure CHR had a limited release of 32.55 ± 1.7% in 60 min, while prepared CHR-TC and CHR-BC both demonstrated maximum CHR releases of 99.03 ± 2.34% and 71.95 ±2.1%, respectively. The dissolution study's findings revealed that the release of CHR was much improved over that of pure CHR. A study using a scanning electron microscope showed that CHR-TC contains more agglomerated and amorphous components. The higher conversion of crystalline CHR into an amorphous form is responsible for the structural alterations that are observed. After complexation, the distinctive peaks of pure CHR changed due to the complexation with HP ßCD and PLX. The antimicrobial and cell viability results revealed improved antimicrobial activity as well as a lower IC50 value than pure CHR against the tested anticancer cell line (MCF7).

National research guideline for prehospital emergency medical care: A prospective Delphi-study.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the most important research topics to establish a national research agenda and protocol for prehospital research in Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: A 3-round modified Delphi consensus methods were used to determine high-priority research topics. Round I included an open-ended question to list all high-priority research topics in a prehospital setting in Riyadh, KSA. Rounds II and III included ranking evaluation and consensus agreement. The included topics were listed based on the agreement of ≥70% of the experts participating in the study. The study was carried out between November 2021 and February 2022. RESULTS: In total, 100 prehospital experts in KSA were invited to participate in all 3 rounds. Of these, 47 responded in round I, 34 in round II, and 39 in round III. In round I, participants submitted 278 research topics. After deduplication and sorting, 78 topics were assessed in the other 2 rounds. CONCLUSION: In this modified Delphi study, an expert panel identified the top prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) care research priorities. The leading research priorities included clinical and operational ideas. The proposed 32 high-priority topics can be used to guide researchers, research networks, policymakers, and funding organizations involved in EMS.

A proposed scalable design and simulation of wireless sensor network-based long-distance water pipeline leakage monitoring system.

Anomalies such as leakage and bursts in water pipelines have severe consequences for the environment and the economy. To ensure the reliability of water pipelines, they must be monitored effectively. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as an effective technology for monitoring critical infrastructure such as water, oil and gas pipelines. In this paper, we present a scalable design and simulation of a water pipeline leakage monitoring system using Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) and WSN technology. The proposed design targets long-distance aboveground water pipelines that have special considerations for maintenance, energy consumption and cost. The design is based on deploying a group of mobile wireless sensor nodes inside the pipeline and allowing them to work cooperatively according to a prescheduled order. Under this mechanism, only one node is active at a time, while the other nodes are sleeping. The node whose turn is next wakes up according to one of three wakeup techniques: location-based, time-based and interrupt-driven. In this paper, mathematical models are derived for each technique to estimate the corresponding energy consumption and memory size requirements. The proposed equations are analyzed and the results are validated using simulation.