RESUMO
In orthodontics, both the treatment goals and the impact of orthodontic equipment on patients' aesthetic appearance have contributed to a rise in patients' aesthetic demands over the years. Patients considering orthodontic treatment are significantly concerned about the potential compromise in facial appearance that conventional orthodontic therapy might cause. Clinical practice has integrated aesthetic materials and procedures to address these restrictions. This review will examine the present data and outcomes linked to lingual orthodontics. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase were the electronic databases searched. Research interests mainly included biomechanics, appliance design, bonding, laboratory settings, case reports, survey research, and treatment outcomes. The goal was to locate the most recent data regarding lingual orthodontics. A consistent and predictable pattern emerges from the available evidence on lingual orthodontics. Several areas have received a lot of attention over the past decade, including the ability to forecast outcomes and patients' preparedness to embrace these changes. The current state of knowledge on the biomechanical principles of lingual orthodontics is solid, as this review shows. Lingual orthodontic appliances can efficiently handle any orthodontic scenario that a labial appliance can handle. The reason is that the completely customized lingual appliance might bring about the desired result in terms of treatment.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Impacted canine (IC) is a dental anomaly that varies in its frequency according to the population of interest. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency and distribution pattern of maxillary ICs (MxIC) and mandibular ICs (MnIC) in the population of Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective study of all patients attended Taibah University Dental Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Inclusion criteria were individuals aged 15 years and older and no history of orthodontic treatment or craniofacial syndromes. Patients with incomplete dental records or missing/distorted Orthopantomograph (OPG) were excluded. All OPGs were taken using standardized equipment. Data were explored for frequency and pattern of canine impaction both in the maxilla and the mandible and statistically tested to detect significant differences. RESULTS: A total of 7466 individuals fulfilled the inclusion criteria with mean age of 37.43 ± 14.5 years. Of the total sample, 173 individuals had at least one IC. MxIC alone occurred in 86.71% of the cases, while MnIC occurred in 8.67%. The remaining 4.62% had at least one IC in each jaw. Unilateral IC occurred in 89.2% of the cases with left-side predominance in the maxilla. CONCLUSION: In this sample, the frequency of MxIC was 2.1% and MnIC was 0.3%. Almost equal distribution of IC occurred between females and males (IC Odds ratio F:M 1:1.08). Further studies are required to investigate the potential association of IC incidence with other predictor variables.
