Infantile Status Epilepticus: A Case of Excessive Water Intake in a Five-Month-Old Girl.

Hyponatremia in children, especially in normal infants below the age of six months, is a common cause of the first onset of afebrile convulsions, which can be rarely associated with water intoxication and can lead to a state of encephalopathy and status epilepticus if not diagnosed and managed properly early. Water intoxication is an uncommon but potentially lethal cause of hyponatremia. We report a five-month-old girl who presented to our hospital with status epilepticus, facial puffiness, cyanosis, and severe hyponatremia secondary to water intoxication. Proper investigations and labs were done, and the patient was managed successfully. The aim of reporting this case is to highlight the importance of water intoxication with secondary status epilepticus in infants below six months of age.

Early Diagnosis and Successful Empirical Treatment of L1-L2 Spondylodiscitis in a 21-Month-Old Girl: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Infantile spondylodiscitis is a rare condition with a varied clinical presentation. Microbial infection may not always be identified, but early diagnosis and management are required to prevent long-term and irreversible complications, including spinal deformities and vertebral instability. CASE REPORT This report is of a 21-month-old girl with a 3-week history of difficulty in walking and constipation due to L1-L2 spondylodiscitis following a gluteal skin burn. The family had sought medical advice multiple times, but results of all investigations were unremarkable. Her initial spine X-ray was negative but her spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a picture suggestive of spondylodiscitis, which then responded to empiric treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. The patient showed complete resolution of clinical symptoms and her bowel habits came back to normal after 6 months of complete antibiotics treatment. Her repeat spine MRI showed a significant improvement of her spondylodiscitis. CONCLUSIONS This report has highlighted the importance of rapid diagnosis and management of infantile spondylodiscitis and the challenging approach to treatment when no infectious organism can be identified, as well as the early initiation of antibiotics therapy when appropriate in pediatric patients to avoid serious neurological complications associated with spondylodiscitis. Thus, it is essential to assess children with refusal to walk, gait problems, or back discomfort, especially when they are associated with high inflammatory markers.

Effect of Social Media on Patient's Perception of Dental Aesthetics in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Social media became an influential tool that affects people's way of communication and became a significant source of information for the society. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of SM on patients seeking aesthetic dental treatment. Methodology. The study employed a large-scale online survey of 1940 patients attending and/or seeking dental treatment at KAUFD and Jeddah private clinics. The targeted age of participants ranged from 18 years and above. The study data were collected using a three-part questionnaire. Results: More than half of the patients were females in both groups (52.7%). The majority of patients used SM for communication and entertainment purposes. It was also found that the most popular platform used by patients was Snapchat (71.1%), followed by Instagram (66.9%). A lot of patients did not like their teeth appearance (38.5%). Moreover, patients preferred to have "bleaching" as an aesthetic treatment to improve their smiles (63.8%). Conclusion: The impact of SM on Saudi Arabian citizens and Saudi Arabia residents can be considered as high. Patients are influenced by SM applications and are seeking aesthetic treatment as an outcome. It is the responsibility of dentists to educate patients about the best treatment options.