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Introduction Urinary incontinence (UI) is a widely prevalent problem with a great impact on quality of life. It affects a person's physical, social, occupational, and phycological aspects of life. Our study aimed to estimate prevalence, risk factors, effect on life, and help-seeking behaviors among women with urinary incontinence. Methods This is a cross-sectional analytic study conducted in primary health care centers among women of childbearing age in Al Madinah Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia. A total of 342 women aged between 18 to 50 years were included and interviewed using a previously validated and pretested Arabic version of the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ). Result Out of 342 patients, 71 (20.8%) had UI. The mean age of the patients was 31.51 +9.36 years. Risk factors associated with UI were: BMI (p = 0.022, odds ratio = 1.06), multiparity (p = 0.027, odds ratio = 1.16), smoking (p = 0.018, odds ratio = 4.71), and chronic constipation (p = 0.013, odds ratio = 5.83). Only 28.2% of the affected women sought medical consultation. The main reasons for not seeking medical advice were the belief that UI is a common, normal aging process in 45%, while 14.1% were embarrassed by the condition, and 5.6% did not know that there was a treatment. Overall, there was a limitation in all domains of quality of life among patients who suffer from UI. The majority of limitations were slight to moderate. The most affected domain was sleep and energy. Conclusion UI is common and adversely affects the quality of life of women of childbearing age in Al Madinah Al Munawara. Obesity, multiparity, smoking, and chronic constipation are significant risk factors. Less than half of patients with UI sought medical care.
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OBJECTIVE: Sickle cell disease is one of the most common inherited hemoglobinopathies in the world. Chronic haemolysis predisposes individuals to the development of bilirubinate cholelithiasis, which can be asymptomatic or can result in cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, and gallstone pancreatitis. We aimed to determine the prevalence of cholelithiasis and associated gallstone disease among patients with paediatric sickle cell disease in a Saudi hospital. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted among all patients aged between 2 and 18 years. We reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with sickle cell anaemia. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables, and the Student t-test was used to compare means. The chi-square test was used to assess those risk factors possibly associated with cholelithiasis. A P-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Approximately 75% of participants developed cholelithiasis (27.5%) at a mean age of 6.9 ± 3.4 years. The frequency of cholelithiasis was significantly higher with increasing age (40.8% in participants 12 years and older) and among those with high levels of haemoglobin S (Hb S) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Moreover, cholelithiasis was more frequent among males than females, Saudis than non-Saudis, and in those with sickle cell disease than in those with sickle thalassemia. However, these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In this study, the prevalence of cholelithiasis among children with sickle cell anaemia was found to be high. This association was significantly increased with age and high levels of MCV and Hb S.
