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INTRODUCTION: Apocrine cystadenomas are rare, benign tumors that might arise in the periocular region from glands of Moll. They characteristically demonstrate proliferative features on histopathological examination, which differentiate them from simple hidrocystomas. PRESENTATION OF CASES: We retrospectively identified 4 consecutive cases of apocrine cystadenomas in male patients with a mean age of 48.5 years (range 20-62). One of the cases was a recurrent lesion. The Preoperative clinical diagnosis was mostly hidrocystoma. All patients agreed on complete surgical excision of their cystic lesions. Histopathological review of the excised cysts confirmed the diagnosis of apocrine cystadenoma based on the presence of proliferative features with no atypia or infiltrative behavior. Cases are summarized in Table 1 and the histopathological appearance is demonstrated in the included figure. DISCUSSION: Apocrine cystadenoma is rare. It occurs in the areas of skin with hair follicles, such as the axilla, neck, and trunk, and may be mistaken for other skin lesions, such as nevi or syringomas. In the eyelid region, they are commonly missed and frequently diagnosed as simple hidrocystoma due to the presence of bluish hue such as in our series. Recurrence is rare but was found in one of our patients at initial presentation. Our series included unique locations of this lesion in the medial canthus in one patient and near the eyelid tarsus in another. CONCLUSION: Ophthalmologist should be aware of the rare occurrence of this lesion in the periocular region. Further studies to explain the etiology of such proliferative nature in apocrine cysts would be interesting.
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BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complication present a major morbidity burden among Saudi population. Awareness and proper knowledge of this highly prevalent disease is crucial to enhance early detection and proper intervention. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to identify the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of diabetic patients towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 randomly selected primary care centers and two university hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between May and December 2018. Diabetic patients ≥18 years old were enrolled in the study. A validated KAP-45 questionnaire was used to assess the KAP levels of diabetics towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS: A total of 313 participants were enrolled in the study. The majority were males 168 (59.8%). The median age was 49 ±24, and the median duration of diabetes was 8 ±11 years. The average knowledge score for diabetes was 10 (good). While the average knowledge score for diabetic retinopathy was 4.5 (suboptimal). The average attitude scores for both diabetes and diabetic retinopathy were 0 and 2 (suboptimal), respectively. The average practice score for diabetes was 5 (good) while it was 3 (low) for diabetic retinopathy. The most common barrier to comply with regular follow-up was inadequate knowledge about the importance of periodic eye exam 47.1% (107). Patients with low socio-economic status had a significantly poor knowledge regarding diabetes (P<0.0001) and diabetic retinopathy (P<0.015), respectively. However, patients with low educational level had a significantly poor knowledge (p<0.0001) and poor practice regarding diabetes (P<0.013), respectively. CONCLUSION: It is important to improve education and awareness of DM and diabetic retinopathy among diabetics, as it's essential for controlling the disease and reducing its complications, by improving patient compliance to treatment and follow-up.
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PURPOSE: To describe an infant with Adams Oliver syndrome (AOS) with ocular signs similar to familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. OBSERVATIONS: A full-term female infant presented with a congenital scalp defect, hypoplasia of the fingers and toes along with a radial retinal fold in the right eye and tractional retinal detachment in the left eye. Fluorescein angiography findings included peripheral retinal nonperfusion, irregular vascular sprouting beyond the vascular-avascular junction, pinpoint areas of hyperfluorescence as well as late peripheral and posterior vascular leakage. The patient was clinically diagnosed with Adams Oliver syndrome based on the collective findings. Laser photocoagulation to the avascular retina was performed in both eyes which resulted in stabilization of the condition after 2 years of follow up. CONCLUSION AND IMPORTANCE: The ocular phenotype in AOS may be similar to familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Therefore, suspicion of the diagnosis should prompt ophthalmic evaluation including fluorescein angiography to detect and possibly treat the ischemic retinopathy.
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BACKGROUND: To investigate the relationship of fast food consumption with cognitive and metabolic function of adults (18-25 years old) in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The conventionally recruited subjects underwent an evaluation that included demographic data, quality of life (wellness, stress, sleepiness, and physical activity), mini-mental status examination, and the frequency of fast food consumption. To investigate metabolic function, blood was drawn to evaluate serum HDL, LDL, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Cognitive function was assessed by the Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery. The participants were divided into 2 groups based on fast food consumption: those who consumed fast food 3 times per week or less (Group 1) and those who consumed fast food more than 3 times per week (Group 2). RESULTS: The mean diastolic blood pressure in Group 1 and Group 2 was 72 mmHg and 77 mmHg, respectively, a significant difference (p = 0.04). There was no significant difference for cognitive function and quality of life between the two groups. There was significant correlation of HDL with AST correct mean latency and the AST correct mean latency congruent (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, respectively) and TC with diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that fast food consumption has an effect on blood pressure but has no direct effect on cognition or quality of life.
