Isolation of Toxoplasma gondii strains similar to Africa 1 genotype in Turkey.

INTRODUCTION: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoon parasite that has a worldwide dissemination. It can cause serious clinical problems such as congenital toxoplasmosis, retinochoroiditis, and encephalitis. Currently, T. gondii genotypes are being associated with these clinical presentations which may help clinicians design their treatment strategy. CASE REPORTS: Two T. gondii strains named Ankara and Ege-1 were isolated from newborns with congenital toxoplasmosis in Central and Western Anatolia, respectively. Ankara and Ege-1 strains were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of newborns. According to microsatellite analysis, Ankara and Ege-1 strains were sorted as Africa 1 genotype. CONCLUSION: T. gondii strains isolated in Turkey were first time genotyped in this study. Africa 1 genotype has previously been isolated in immunosuppressed patients originating from sub-Saharan Africa. The reason of detecting a strain mainly detected in Africa can be associated with Turkey's specific geographical location. Turkey is like a bridge between Asia, Europe and Africa. Historically, Anatolia was on the Silk Road and other trading routes that ended in Europe. Thus, detecting Africa 1 strain in Anatolia can be anticipated. Consequently, strains detected mainly in Europe and Asia may also be detected in Anatolia and vice versa. Therefore, further studies are required to isolate more strains from Turkey.

[Evaluation of Sabin-Feldman test results of Ankara University Medical Faculty Medical Parasitology laboratory between 1997-2007]. / Ankara Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Tibbi Parazitoloji Bilim Dali Laboratuvarinda 1997-2007 Yillari Arasinda Yapilan Sabin-Feldman Test Sonuçlarinin Degerlendirilmesi.

OBJECTIVE: Toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan infection which has a worldwide distribution. Sabin-Feldman is considered as a reference test among serologic methods for its high sensitivity and specificity and has a role for the confirmation of the suspected results of the commonly used ELISA tests. Few laboratories perform this test as it enrolls the live tachyzoites.The aim of this study was to report the results of Ankara University Medical Faculty Parasitology laboratory which is the first lab to perform this test in Turkey. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated anti-Toxoplasma antibody positivities and titers of 678 sera obtained from 648 patients who applied to our laboratory between January 1997 and December 2007 with a prediagnosis of toxoplasmosis. RESULTS: Among 648 patients (490 (75.62%) female and 158 (24.38%) male), 318 (46.90%) were seropositive with titers of 1:16 or higher. The titers were 1:16 in 93, 1:64 in 134, 1:256 in 53, 1:1024 in 28 and 10 patients with higher titers. Seven patients (1.08%) seroconverted or had a 4 fold increase in antibody titers in their sera taken 3 weeks apart and were considered as acute toxoplasmosis. There was no statistically significant difference between the seropositivity rates of female and male patients (p=0.078). CONCLUSION: Sabin-Feldman Test still has an important role in seroprevalence studies both in humans and animals and confirmation of the tests used in routine diagnosis.

Radical mastoidectomy cavity myiasis caused by Wohlfahrtia magnifica.

In this article, a Wohlfahrtia magnifica otomyiasis case, a 31-year-old, non-mentally retarded patient who had undergone radical mastoidectomy previously is presented. Maggots in the radical mastoidectomy cavity were removed then topical treatment was applied. The maggots were identified as W. magnifica. In cases of myiasis, identification of larvae following direct extraction and application of preventative methods is essential.

Dirofilaria repens presenting as a premasseteric nodule.

Dirofilariasis is a rare zoonosis that is mainly seen with subcutaneous or pulmonary involvement. Natural hosts are dogs, cats, jackals, and raccoons; however, humans can rarely become an accidental host for the parasite. In the reported case, infection manifested as a subcutaneous nodule, representing a significant diagnostic challenge for both the surgeon and the pathologist. A case of a 62-year-old man with a premasseteric soft tissue mass caused by Dirofilaria repens is presented with histopathologic confirmation.