Emmetropization, visual acuity, and strabismus outcomes among hyperopic infants followed with partial hyperopic corrections given in accordance with dynamic retinoscopy.

OBJECT: To record emmetropization, visual acuity, and strabismus outcomes among hyperopic infants followed with partial hyperopic corrections given in accordance with dynamic retinoscopy (DR). METHODS: Infants (3.5-12 months of age) with ≥5 D hyperopia were followed without glasses or partial hyperopic corrections prescribed according to their near dynamic accommodative abilities determined by DR responses at the initial visit and follow-ups. Refraction and binocular accommodative ability assessments were made at 3-month intervals up to the age of 1 and at 6-month intervals afterwards for a mean 35.4±2.1 months; main outcome measures being the development of esotropia, emmetropization rate, and visual acuity level after emmetropization period. RESULTS: Among 211, 146 were normal accommodators initially (Group 1). These infants were followed without treatment and none presented with strabismus. Sixty-five infants were hypo-accommodators (Group 2) and received minimum DR-based corrections. Of the 65 infants 31 (48%) developed strabismus (Group 2B). The remaining 34 constituted Group 2A. Each of the three groups showed an overall reduction of hyperopia by 0.37±0.25 days per year, 0.50±0.28 days per year, and 0.60±0.20 days per year, respectively. Visual acuity assessments among Groups 1 and 2A revealed normal values (0.2-0.0 LogMAR); among Group 2B 19% were within normal range. CONCLUSIONS: Binocular accommodative behavior at the initial visit seems to be one of the indicators for pointing out infants at risk of developing strabismus and amblyopia. Prescription of DR-based corrections to hyperopic orthotropic infants does not impede emmetropization and result in normal visual acuities after emmetropization period.

Efecto radioprotector de montelukast sódico en glándulas lagrimales de las ratas después del tratamiento con yodo radioactivo / Radioprotective effect of montelukast sodium in rat lacrimal glands after radioiodine treatment

Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios morfológicos de las glándulas lagrimales de las ratas en el tercer mes después del tratamiento con iodo radiactivo (RAI) y el efecto radioprotector de montelukast (ML) sódico contra los daños causados por el RAI en la glándula lagrimal. Métodos. Cincuenta ratas hembra albinas de raza Wistar fueron divididas en 3 grupos. El grupo de control (n = 10) estaba formado por ratas no intervenidas. El grupo de RAI (n = 20) estaba formado por ratas tratadas con 131I orales (111 MBq). El grupo ML estaba formado por ratas tratadas con 10 mg/kg/d de ML sódico intraperitoneal comenzando 3 d antes y continuando durante una semana después de la administración oral del RAI. Las glándulas intraorbitarias (IG), las extraorbitarias (EG) y las de Harder (HG) se eliminaron bilateralmente en 3 meses. Resultados. La existencia de atrofia acinar, fibrosis acinar, líneas celulares anormales, basofilia periférica, la variación de tamaño de las células y la disminución de la cantidad de citoplasma eran significativamente más común en todas las glándulas separadas en el grupo de ratas tratadas con RAI que en el grupo de ratas tratadas con ML. El grupo tratado con ML presentaba menor variación frecuente de la forma celular en las EG (p = 0,001) y las HG (p = 0,027), variación de tamaño de las células en las IG (p < 0,001) y las HG (p = 0,01), enfermedad ductal en las EG (p < 0,001) y las HG (p < 0,001) y menor acumulación de lipofuscina en las EG (p = 0,001) y en las HG (p = 0,01) que el grupo tratado con RAI. Conclusiones. El tratamiento con RAI parece causar daño morfológico en las glándulas lagrimales de las ratas y el ML sódico protege eficazmente a las glándulas lagrimales de ese daño(AU)

Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes of rat lacrimal glands at the third month following radioiodine (RAI) treatment and the radioprotective effect of montelukast (ML) sodium against RAI-related lacrimal gland damage. Methods. Fifty female Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups. The control group (n = 10) consisted of rats with no intervention. RAI group (n = 20) consisted of rats treated with oral 131I (111 MBq). The ML group (n = 20) consisted of rats treated with intraperitoneal 10 mg/kg/day ML sodium, starting three days before and continuing for one week after oral RAI administration. Intraorbital (IG), extraorbital (EG) and Harderian glands (HG) were removed bilaterally after three months. Results. The existence of acinar atrophy, acinar fibrosis, abnormal cell lines, peripheral basophilia, cell size variation and decrease in amount of cytoplasm was significantly more common in the RAI-rat treated group than in the ML group, in each of the glands. The ML-treated group had less-frequent cell shape variation in EG (P = 0.001) and HG (P = 0.027), cell size variation in IG (P < 0.001) and HG (P = 0.01), ductal pathology in EG (P < 0.001) and HG (P < 0.001) and lipofuscin accumulation in EG (P = 0.001) and in HG (P = 0.01) than the RAI-treated group. Conclusions. RAI treatment seems to cause morphological damage to rat lacrimal glands, and ML sodium effectively protects against damage to lacrimal glands(AU)

Radioprotective effect of montelukast sodium in rat lacrimal glands after radioiodine treatment.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes of rat lacrimal glands at the third month following radioiodine (RAI) treatment and the radioprotective effect of montelukast (ML) sodium against RAI-related lacrimal gland damage. METHODS: Fifty female Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups. The control group (n=10) consisted of rats with no intervention. RAI group (n=20) consisted of rats treated with oral (131)I (111 MBq). The ML group (n=20) consisted of rats treated with intraperitoneal 10mg/kg/day ML sodium, starting three days before and continuing for one week after oral RAI administration. Intraorbital (IG), extraorbital (EG) and Harderian glands (HG) were removed bilaterally after three months. RESULTS: The existence of acinar atrophy, acinar fibrosis, abnormal cell lines, peripheral basophilia, cell size variation and decrease in amount of cytoplasm was significantly more common in the RAI-rat treated group than in the ML group, in each of the glands. The ML-treated group had less-frequent cell shape variation in EG (P=0.001) and HG (P=0.027), cell size variation in IG (P<0.001) and HG (P=0.01), ductal pathology in EG (P<0.001) and HG (P<0.001) and lipofuscin accumulation in EG (P=0.001) and in HG (P=0.01) than the RAI-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: RAI treatment seems to cause morphological damage to rat lacrimal glands, and ML sodium effectively protects against damage to lacrimal glands.

Topical cyclosporine A for the dry eye findings of thyroid orbitopathy patients.

PURPOSE: To determine the beneficial effect of topically administered Cyclosporine A (CsA) for the dry eye findings of thyroid orbitopathy patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective pilot study included 73 eyes of 42 patients with thyroid orbitopathy who had documented dry eye findings. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: in group 1 (48 eyes), patients received topical artificial tear-drop treatment. In group 2 (25 eyes), patients received topical CsA and artificial tear-drop treatment. During a mean follow-up of 6 months, change in Schirmer's test with aneasthesia, tear break-up-time (BUT) and impression cytology results were analyzed and were compared between groups. RESULTS: The two groups were age (P=0.449) and gender (P=0.942) matched. The Schirmer's test (P=0.441), tear BUT (P=0.718) and impression score (P=0.103) were also similar before the treatment in both groups. In group 1, all three parameters improved significantly with treatment (P<0.001 for all). In group 2, Schirmer's test (P=0.001) and tear BUT (P<0.001) improved, but the impression score (P=0.175) did not change significantly after treatment. The percentage of patients with improved tear BUT (P=0.04) and improved impression score (P<0.001) were higher in group 1. At the end of follow-up, group 1 patients had better Schirmer's test (P=0.004), tear BUT (P=0.021) and impression scores (P<0.001), than group 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The combined CsA use with artificial tear drops is not more advantageous than the use of artificial tear drops alone, for the dry eye findings of thyroid orbitopathy patients.

Amniotic membrane transplantation: indications and results.

PURPOSE: To describe amniotic membrane transplantation indications and results at the authors' institution. METHODS: In this study, chart review of 108 patients who underwent amniotic membrane transplantation between January 2002 and April 2006 was performed. The survival rate of corneal integrity was compared, using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, as a measure of success rate. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 55.2+/-20.1 (6-87 years, 75 female, 51 male). The patients underwent amniotic membrane transplantation for six different diagnoses: nontraumatic corneal perforation (32 eyes, Group 1), persistent epithelial defect (29 eyes, Group 2), aphakic/pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (18 eyes, Group 3), infectious ulcer resistant to treatment (14 eyes, Group 4), necrotizing keratitis secondary to endophthalmitis (10 eyes, Group 5), and caustic injury (5 eyes, Group 6). The mean survival of corneal integrity was similar in all groups (p=0.156). CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic membrane transplantation is a successful adjunctive method in achieving corneal epithelization in the study indications.

Macular involvement in secondary systemic amyloidosis.

PURPOSE: A patient with subretinal and preretinal hemorrhage after secondary systemic amyloidosis due to familial Mediterranean fever is presented. METHODS: Case presentation. RESULTS: A 30-year-old woman with secondary systemic amyloidosis secondary to familial Mediterranean fever presented with painless visual loss in the right eye. The examination demonstrated multiple subretinal and preretinal hemorrhages, massive deposits which may represent amyloid material at the left macular region. After 6 months, the hemorrhages disappeared, but deposits persisted. CONCLUSIONS: The macular deposition and hemorrhage is an uncommon manifestation of secondary systemic amyloidosis secondary to familial Mediterranean fever. Further evidence is necessary to understand the nature of these deposits and their relevance to secondary systemic amyloidosis and/or familial Mediterranean fever.