The effects of polymicrobial sepsis with diabetes mellitus on kidney tissues in ovariectomized rats.

OBJECTIVES: Sepsis model was used to understand the role of sustained hyperglycemia and ovariectomy, either separately or concomitantly, on the response of the activity of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and the oxidative response in kidney. SUBJECTS: Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Diabetes was induced in female rats using administration of alloxan. The rats were divided into five groups: sham control (group 1), ovariectomy (group 2), ovariectomy + sepsis (group 3), ovariectomy + diabetes (group 4), and ovariectomy + diabetic + sepsis (group 5). RESULTS: In kidney tissues, the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) and the activity of catalase (CAT) were higher for groups 3, 4, 5 than the control groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was lower for groups 3, 4, 5 than the control groups. We determined that CLP produced injury evident in the kidneys of rats when compared to the control group, whereas the severity of the injury was higher in the diabetes + ovariectomy + CLP group when compared to the CLP group. In immunohistochemical staining, we determined that CLP operation increased NF-kappaB activation. In the ovariectomized, septic, and diabetic group, NF-kappaB activation was significantly higher than other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperglycemia and ovariectomy severely increased NF-kappaB activation and oxidant levels with the stages of our sepsis model. Ovariectomy resulted in general changes in metabolism, which are seen in the kidney with diabetes under sepsis conditions.

Effects of hypertension and ovariectomy on rat hepatocytes. Are amlodipine and lacidipine protective? (A stereological and histological study).

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Calcium channel blockers are increasingly used for the treatment of hypertension. Menopause and hypertension are both important risk factors for liver damage and several other circulatory abnormalities. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of amlodipine and lacidipine in an ovariectomy-induced postmenopausal period model and a deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertensive model in rats. METHODS: In this study, animals were divided into six groups as follows: control (Group 1), hypertension (Group 2), ovariectomy (Group 3), ovariectomy and hypertension (Group 4), ovariectomy, hypertension and amlodipine-treated (Group 5), and ovariectomy, hypertension and lacidipine-treated (Group 6). At the end of the experiment, the livers were removed and tissue samples were histologically and stereologically examined. RESULTS: The numerical densities of the hepatocytes according to group were 0.000422, 0.00329, 0.000272, 0.00259, 0.00374 and 0.000346 µm3, respectively. Significant differences were found between values of all groups (p<0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). According to histopathological investigation, Group 3 and particularly Group 4 showed some microscopic abnormalities such as dilatation in sinusoids central veins and branches of portal vein, irregularities of the hepatocyte columns, significant mononuclear cell infiltrations, and unstained vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes. Histological structure was protected from the destructive effects of ovariectomy and hypertension in Groups 5 and 6. CONCLUSIONS: Our experimental results show that both hypertension and the postmenopausal period have negative effects on the number of hepatocytes and histological structure of the liver. Both amlodipine and lacidipine appear to ameliorate the hypertension and/or postmenopausal period-related decrease in hepatocyte number. We thus suggest that lacidipine and particularly amlodipine have important protective and recovering effects on the liver.