RESUMO
The use of antibiotics in fish production can induce bacterial populations to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics and transfer antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria, including clinically relevant bacteria. This study evaluated the diversity of Enterobacterales in sediment from lagoons with fish farming activity and analyzed antibiotic resistance in the central region of Peru. Sediment samples were collected from four fish-active ponds and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Bacterial diversity was analyzed using DNA sequencing and antibiotic resistance was tested using the disk diffusion method. The results showed variability of bacterial diversity in the ponds with fish farming activity. Simpson's index indicated that the Habascocha lagoon is the most diverse in bacterial species of the order Enterobacterales (0.8), but the least dominant. The Shannon-Wiener index revealed that it is the most diverse (2.93) and the Margalef index revealed that species richness in this lagoon is high (5.72). Similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) allowed the identification of the main Enterobacterales with the highest percentage contribution in the frequencies of individuals. In general, the Enterobacterales species isolated showed multi-resistance to the antibiotics used and Escherichia coli was the most resistant.
RESUMO
Se investigó el efecto del follaje del "huacatay" Tagetes minuta sobre la nodulación radicular producida por el nematodo Meloidogyne incognita que parasita el "pimiento páprika" Capsicum annuum cultivado en invernadero, con la finalidad de obtener una alternativa de control de este nematodo. Se utilizaron tres grupos experimentales y un testigo, con 12 macetas cada uno, las cuales contenían suelo y arena estériles (1:1). A este substrato se adicionó el follaje de T. minuta al 20, 35 y 50% (v/v) según grupo experimental, y el testigo no recibió esta enmienda. En cada maceta se sembró una plántula de C. annuum, y a la semana postsiembra se inoculó 5000 huevos de M. incognita. A las ocho semanas, se evaluaron los nódulos en sus raíces. Todas las plantas presentaron nódulos; aunque, en aquellas de los grupos experimentales el número de éstos fue menor que en las plantas testigo, con diferencia estadística significativa (p 0,05). Se concluye que el follaje de T. minuta adicionado como enmienda orgánica al 20, 35 y 50% al suelo de cultivo de plantas de C. annuum limita la nodulación radicular ocasionada por M. incognita. Lo cual sugiere su uso potencial en el control de este nematodo
The effect of the foliage of Tagetes minuta "huacatay" on Meloidogyne incognita root-galling on Capsicum annuum "paprika pepper" cultured in a greenhouse was researched, to obtain a control strategy for this nematode. Three experimental groups and one control with 12 pots each were used, which contained sterilized soil and sand (1:1). To this substrate was added cut foliage of T. minuta at 20, 35 and 50% (v/v) according to the experimental group, and the control group remained without this amendment. In each pot a seedling of C. annuum was sown, and one week post-seeding was inoculated with 5000 eggs of M. incognita. Eight weeks later the root galling was evaluated. All the plants had root galling; although the number of galls in plants of the experimental groups was less than those in the control group with statistical significant difference (p 0.05). It is concluded that the foliage of T. minuta added as organic amendment at 20, 35 and 50% to the culture soil for C. annuum plants limits the M. incognita root galling. That suggests its potential use in the control of this nematode
