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1.
Curr Microbiol ; 80(4): 120, 2023 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36856863

RESUMO

In this study, the effect of native plant-growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) as bio-inoculants was assessed as an alternative to improve Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hilaire growth in the nursery. Fourteen Trichoderma strains isolated from yerba mate roots were evaluated in vitro for their potential as biological control agents (BCA) and PGPM. The PGPM properties were evaluated through the strain's antagonistic activity against three fungal pathogens (Alternaria sp., F. oxysporum, and F. solani) plus the production of extracellular cell-wall-degrading enzymes such as chitinase, ß-1,3-glucanase, and cellulase. These results were used to calculate different PGPM indices to select the strains with the optimal properties. Four Trichoderma strains: T. asperelloides LBM193, LBM204, LBM206, and Trichoderma sp. LBM202, were selected based on their indirect and direct PGPM properties used in an inoculation assay on yerba mate plants in greenhouse conditions. A highly significant positive effect of bio-inoculation with these Trichoderma strains was observed in one-year-old yerba mate seedlings. Inoculated plants exhibited a greater height, chlorophyll content, and dry weight than un-inoculated plants; those treated with LBM193 manifested the best results. Yerba mate plants treated with LBM202 exhibited a healthy appearance and were more vigorous, showing potential for biocontrol agent. In conclusion, yerba mate seedlings in the Misiones region were found to have a reservoir of Trichoderma species that increases the yield of this crop in the nursery and protects them from adverse biotic and abiotic agents.


Assuntos
Ilex paraguariensis , Trichoderma , Agentes de Controle Biológico , Alternaria , Bioensaio , Plântula
2.
An Acad Bras Cienc ; 94(3): e20201931, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35857957

RESUMO

The yerba-mate industry is one of the most important economic activities in Misiones, a province in the northeast of Argentina that is the world's leading producer and exporter of this crop. White thread blight disease caused by Ceratobasidium niltonzousanum affects the cultivation reducing its quality and productivity. Due to the lack of a standardized visual method to quantify the severity of this disease in yerba mate, a diagrammatic scale was developed and validated. Yerba-mate branches were collected in a field in the north of Misiones province, and the actual severity was determined digitally. A six-level scale was developed using the DOSLOG software, based on the Weber-Fechner law. The validation was carried out by twenty raters. One evaluation without the diagrammatic scale and two evaluations with the scale were carried out in 14-day intervals. Accuracy, precision, and reproducibility of the scale were evaluated through linear regressions and correlation analysis, obtaining R2 values ranged between 0.70 and 0.94. Using the diagrammatic scale developed in this work, raters enhanced the accuracy and precision of the estimates, and the repeatability of the scale improved by 94.74%. The scale was appropriate to assess the damage of white thread blight in yerba mate.


Assuntos
Ilex paraguariensis , Extratos Vegetais , Argentina , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Software
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