RESUMO
The Leishmania species present a genetic homology that ranges from 69 to 90%. Because of this homology, heterologous antigens have been used in the immunodiagnosis and vaccine development against Leishmania infections. In the current work, we describe the identification of species-specific and cross-reactive antigens among several New World Leishmania species, using symptomatic and asymptomatic naturally Leishmania chagasi-infected dog sera. Soluble antigens from five strains of New World Leishmania were separated by electrophoresis in SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted. Different proteins were uniquely recognized in the L. chagasi panel by either symptomatic or asymptomatic dog sera suggesting their use as markers for the progression of disease and diagnosis of the initial (sub-clinical) phase of the infection. Cross-reactive antigens were identified using heterologous antigenic panels (L. amazonensis strains PH8 and BH6, L. guyanensis and L. braziliensis). L. guyanensis panel showed the highest cross-reactivity against L. chagasi specific antibodies, suggesting that proteins from this extract might be suitable for the diagnosis of visceral canine leishmaniasis. Interestingly, the 51 and 97 kDa proteins of Leishmania were widely recognized (77.8% to 100%) among all antigenic panels tested, supporting their potential use for immunodiagnosis. Finally, we identified several leishmanial antigens that might be useful for routine diagnosis and seroepidemiological studies of the visceral canine leishmaniasis.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Leishmania/imunologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/imunologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Proteínas de Protozoários/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/classificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Reações Cruzadas , Cães , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/métodos , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/veterinária , Soros Imunes/imunologia , Immunoblotting , Fatores Imunológicos , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/parasitologia , Proteínas de Protozoários/classificação , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Testes Sorológicos/veterinária , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Two-photon holographic recording with cw laser sources in the 750-1100-nm spectral range is accomplished using recording materials consisting of an alpha-diketone dissolved in a poly-alpha-cyanoacrylate host. Gating of the holographic sensitivity by irradiation with incoherent UV radiation is demonstrated. Hologram diffraction efficiencies as large as 10% are achieved.
RESUMO
Two-photon holography with continuous-wave laser sources is accomplished by using carbazole dissolved in a polymethyl methacrylate host matrix as a recording medium. Gating of the holographic sensitivity for 4880-A radiation by irradiation with 3336-A radiation is demonstrated. It is shown that two-photon holographic recording can be accomplished with a wide variety of molecules characterized by four-level spectroscopic systems with cascade excited metastable intermediate levels.
