An Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV): Development of an Autonomous Boat with a Sensor Integration System for Bathymetric Surveys.

A reliable yet economical unmanned surface vehicle (USV) has been developed for the bathymetric surveying of lakes. The system combines an autonomous navigation framework, environmental sensors, and a multibeam echosounder to collect submerged topography, temperature, and wind speed and monitor the vehicle's status during prescribed path-planning missions. The main objective of this research is to provide a methodological framework to build an autonomous boat with independent decision-making, efficient control, and long-range navigation capabilities. Integration of sensors with navigation control enabled the automatization of position, orientation, and velocity. A solar power integration was also tested to control the duration of the autonomous missions. The results of the solar power compared favorably with those of the standard LiPO battery system. Extended and autonomous missions were achieved with the developed platform, which can also evaluate the danger level, weather circumstances, and energy consumption through real-time data analysis. With all the incorporated sensors and controls, this USV can make self-governing decisions and improve its safety. A technical evaluation of the proposed vehicle was conducted as a measurable metric of the reliability and robustness of the prototype. Overall, a reliable, economic, and self-powered autonomous system has been designed and built to retrieve bathymetric surveys as a first step to developing intelligent reconnaissance systems that combine field robotics with machine learning to make decisions and adapt to unknown environments.

Oral health-related quality of life in Colombian children with Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in schoolchildren from a public educational institution in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Eighty-eight 7- to 10-year-olds took part in the study; of whom half had MIH. The translated and adapted version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ 8-10) was applied by means of an interview. The dependent variable was OHRQoL and explanatory variables were presence and severity of MIH, sex, age, socioeconomic status and social security. Frequencies and proportions were calculated for qualitative variables, and measures of central tendency, dispersion and position were calculated for quantitative variables. Chi-square, Fisher's Exact Test, Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used, as appropriate. A p-value <0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Parents or caregivers of participating children signed informed consent, and children signed an assent. A statistically significant difference was found for age groups (p<0. 001), socioeconomic status (p=0. 015) and social security (p=0. 045) according to the presence of MIH. Likewise, statistically significant differences were found for each of the four domains of the questionnaire and for the overall CPQ 810 score (p<0. 0001) according to the presence of MIH. The presence of the Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization may have negative impact on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of the participating children.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el impacto de la Hipomineralización Inciso Molar sobre la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud Oral (CVRSO) en escolares vinculados con una institución educativa pública de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Ochenta y ocho menores de 7 a 10 años hicieron parte del estudio, la mitad presentaba HIM; a todos se les aplicó la versión traducida y adaptada del Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ 8-10) mediante entrevista. La variable de salida fue la CVRSO y las variables explicatorias, la presencia y severidad de HIM, el género, la edad, el estrato socioeconómico y la seguridad social. Se calcularon frecuencias y proporciones para las variables cualitativas, y medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y posición para las cuantitativas. Se utilizaron las pruebas Chi2, Test Exacto de Fisher, U. de Mann Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis según fuera apropiado. Un valor de p<0,05 fue considerado estadísticamente significativo. Los padres o cuidadores de los menores participantes firmaron un consentimiento informado y los niños y niñas, un asentimiento. Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los grupos de edad (p<0,001), el estrato socioeconómico (p=0,015), y la seguridad social (p=0,045) según la presencia de HIM. Así mismo, se obtuvo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en cada uno de los cuatro dominios del cuestionario y en el puntaje global del CPQ 8-10 (p<0,0001) de acuerdo con la presencia de HIM. Según las percepciones de los participantes al responder al CPQ 8-10, se podría sugerir la presencia de la Hipomineralización Inciso Molar influye de forma negativa sobre la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud Oral en los niños participantes.

Oral health-related quality of life in Colombian children with molar-incisor hypomineralization / Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral en niños Colombianos con Hipomineralización Inciso- Molar

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of MolarIncisor Hypomineralization (MIH) on Oral HealthRelated Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in schoolchildren from a public educational institution in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Eightyeight 7to 10yearolds took part in the study; of whom half had MIH. The translated and adapted version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ 810) was applied by means of an inter view. The dependent variable was OHRQoL and explanatory variables were presence and severity of MIH, sex, age, socioeconomic status and social security. Frequencies and proportions were calculated for qualitative variables, and measures of central tendency, dispersion and position were calculated for quantitative variables. Chisquare, Fisher's Exact Test, MannWhitney U Test and KruskalWallis tests were used, as appropriate. A pvalue <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Parents or caregivers of participating children signed informed consent, and children signed an assent. A statistically significant difference was found for age groups (p<0.001), socioeconomic status (p=0.015) and social security (p=0.045) according to the presence of MIH. Likewise, statistically significant differences were found for each of the four domains of the questionnaire and for the overall CPQ 810 score (p<0.0001) according to the presence of MIH. The presence of the MolarIncisor Hypomineralization may have negative impact on the Oral HealthRelated Quality of Life of the participating children (AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el impacto de la Hipomineralización Inciso Molar sobre la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud Oral (CVRSO) en escolares vinculados con una institución educativa pública de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Ochenta y ocho menores de 7 a 10 años hicieron parte del estudio, la mitad presentaba HIM; a todos se les aplicó la versión traducida y adaptada del Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ 810) mediante entrevista. La variable de salida fue la CVRSO y las variables explicatorias, la presencia y severidad de HIM, el género, la edad, el estrato socioeconómico y la seguridad social. Se calcularon frecuencias y proporciones para las variables cualitativas, y medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y posición para las cuantitativas. Se utilizaron las pruebas Chi2, Test Exacto de Fisher, U. de Mann Whitney y KruskalWallis según fuera apropiado. Un valor de p<0,05 fue considerado estadísticamente significativo. Los padres o cuidadores de los menores participantes firmaron un consentimiento informado y los niños y niñas, un asentimiento. Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los grupos de edad (p<0,001), el estrato socioeconómico (p=0,015), y la seguridad social (p=0,045) según la presencia de HIM. Así mismo, se obtuvo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en cada uno de los cuatro dominios del cuestionario y en el puntaje global del CPQ 810 (p<0,0001) de acuerdo con la presencia de HIM. Según las percepciones de los participantes al responder al CPQ 810, se podría sugerir la presencia de la Hipomineralización Inciso Molar influye de forma negativa sobre la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud Oral en los niños participantes (AU)