Pyroligneous acid from Mimosa tenuiflora and Eucalyptus urograndis as an antimicrobial in dairy goats.

AIMS: To evaluate the applicability of the Mimosa tenuiflora and Eucalyptus urograndis pyroligneous acids (PAs) as alternative antiseptics in dairy goats. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro using bacteria, as well as in vivo using goats, and the influence of PAs on the physicochemical parameters of fresh milk were examined. The cytotoxicity of PAs was evaluated in terms of morphology, cell viability and metabolic activity of goat tegumentary cells. The PA of M. tenuiflora had results similar to those of 2% iodine. For the in vitro tests, strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used with the well technique, demonstrating inhibition halos greater than 9 mm. In the in vivo test, 15 animals were used per phase of the experiment, and the plate counting technique showed that there was antiseptic action of both extracts, with emphasis on the M. tenuiflora PA. Physicochemical analysis of the milk showed that neither PAs interfered with its physical-chemical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The PA of M. tenuiflora presented potential as an alternative antiseptic in dairy goats. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study demonstrates the use of PA as an antimicrobial agent in animals.

Composition of semen and foreskin mucosa aerobic microbiota and its impact on sperm parameters of captive collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu).

AIM: To evaluate the bacterial composition of collared peccary semen and foreskin mucosa, and to verify the sensitivity of isolates to antimicrobials used in semen conservation and to Aloe vera gel, which is an alternative external cryoprotectant. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nine foreskin mucosa and ejaculate samples from adult animals were used. Sperm characteristics and bacterial load were evaluated in fresh semen. The preputial mucosa and semen bacterial isolates were identified and tested against five concentrations of each antimicrobial (streptomycin-penicillin and gentamicin) and A. vera gel. Corynebacterium sp. and Staphylococcus sp. were isolated in greater numbers than others in both semen (64·10 and 20·51%, respectively) and the foreskin mucosa (60·60 and 24·25%, respectively), and ranged from 0·4 to 21 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU) per ml. The average load of Corynebacterium sp. was negatively correlated (P < 0·05) with the sperm membrane integrity (r = -0·73055) and curvilinear velocity (r = -0·69048). Streptomycin-penicillin and gentamicin inhibited most micro-organisms, and A. vera showed lower antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSION: Several Gram-positive bacteria are present in semen and foreskin mucosa of collared peccary, and the benefits of using primarily penicillin-streptomycin and gentamicin antimicrobials in the bacterial control of diluted semen of these animals are strongly indicated. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study provides insight into the reproductive microbiota of captive male-collared peccary. This work provides a theoretical basis to assist reproductive biotechnologies for ex situ conservation of the species.

Experimental Fock-State Superradiance.

Superradiance in an ensemble of atoms leads to the collective enhancement of radiation in a particular mode shared by the atoms in their spontaneous decay from an excited state. The quantum aspects of this phenomenon are highlighted when such collective enhancement is observed in the emission of a single quantum of light. Here we report a further step in exploring experimentally the nonclassical features of superradiance by implementing the process not only with single excitations, but also in a two-excitation state. Particularly, we measure and theoretically model the wave packets corresponding to superradiance in both the single-photon and two-photon regimes. Such progress opens the way to the study and future control of the interaction of nonclassical light modes with collective quantum memories at higher photon numbers.

Abdominal exploration in captive collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) by ultrasonography.

This study determines the morphology and ultrasound features of the abdominal organs in male, nestling and healthy collared peccaries. The bladder wall is hyperechogenic, with a thickness of 0.2 ± 0.08 cm. The kidneys present a well-defined cortex, medulla and pelvis, and the dimensions are 2.56 ± 0.3 × 4.6 ± 0.8 cm for the left and 2.51 ± 0.4 × 4.86 ± 1.1 cm for the right kidney. The spleen has a uniform echotexture over its entire surface. The largest dimensions of the liver are 2.0 ± 0.57 cm for the left lobe and 1.42 ± 0.66 cm for the caudate lobe. The liver presents a homogeneous echotexture in the majority of cases, but sometimes some hyperechoic spots are present. The stomach wall has a thickness of 0.42 ± 0.28 cm. The bowel loops show alternate hyperechoic and hypoechoic layers with a uniform diameter and a wall thickness of 0.19 ± 0.07 cm.

Diagnosis of Proteus spp. in wild birds raised under captivity in Rio Grande do Norte, brazil / Diagnóstico de Proteus spp. em aves exóticas criadas em cativeiro no Rio Grande do Norte

The aim of this work was to relate the occurrence of bacterial illnesses in two wild birds raised under captive conditions in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, focusing on their clinical and microbiological findings. Clinical exams were performed in both birds in order to collect data and to determine the clinical and pathological outcome. In bird [A1] was diagnosed an infection in the respiratory system, and in bird [A2] the diagnosis was pododermatitis. Samples of shedding were collected using a sterile swab to perform a bacterial culture in blood agar and McConkey agar. An antibiogram was performed as well. The bacterial culture revealed the growing of Proteus sp. and Proteus vulgares, respectively. The antibiogram performed with the samples of bird [A1] showed the resistance to the follow antibiotics: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicin. In bird [A2], strain was resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefotoxin, chloramphenicol, tetraciclin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicina. Proteus spp. appears to be a potencial multiresistant pathogen and causes severe lesions and diseases for wild birds in captivity.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a ocorrência de enfermidades bacterianas em duas aves exóticas criadas em cativeiro no Rio Grande do Norte, com enfoque nos achados clínicos e microbiológicos. Realizou-se o exame clínico nas aves para a coleta de dados e caracterização do quadro clínico-patológico, sendo diagnosticada na ave [A1] infecção no trato respiratório superior, e na ave [A2] pododermatite profunda. O material biológico das secreções foi colhido com o auxílio de swabs estéreis para a determinação do agente etiológico através de cultura bacteriana em ágar sangue e ágar MacConkey. Realizou-se também o teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos. A cultura bacteriológica das aves [A1] e [A2] resultou em crescimento de Proteus sp. e Proteus vulgares, respectivamente. O antibiograma da ave [A1] demonstrou resistência aos antibióticos: ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidima, ciprofloxacina, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Na ave [A2] a cepa isolada apresentou resistência a ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefoxitina, cloranfenicol, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Proteus spp. pode ser considerado um patógeno multirresistente, causador de lesões graves e doenças em aves selvagens criadas em cativeiro.

Diagnosis of Proteus spp. in wild birds raised under captivity in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

The aim of this work was to relate the occurrence of bacterial illnesses in two wild birds raised under captive conditions in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, focusing on their clinical and microbiological findings. Clinical exams were performed in both birds in order to collect data and to determine the clinical and pathological outcome. In bird [A1] was diagnosed an infection in the respiratory system, and in bird [A2] the diagnosis was pododermatitis. Samples of shedding were collected using a sterile swab to perform a bacterial culture in blood agar and McConkey agar. An antibiogram was performed as well. The bacterial culture revealed the growing of Proteus sp. and Proteus vulgares, respectively. The antibiogram performed with the samples of bird [A1] showed the resistance to the follow antibiotics: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicin. In bird [A2], strain was resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefotoxin, chloramphenicol, tetraciclin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicina. Proteus spp. appears to be a potencial multiresistant pathogen and causes severe lesions and diseases for wild birds in captivity.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a ocorrência de enfermidades bacterianas em duas aves exóticas criadas em cativeiro no Rio Grande do Norte, com enfoque nos achados clínicos e microbiológicos. Realizou-se o exame clínico nas aves para a coleta de dados e caracterização do quadro clínico-patológico, sendo diagnosticada na ave [A1] infecção no trato respiratório superior, e na ave [A2] pododermatite profunda. O material biológico das secreções foi colhido com o auxílio de swabs estéreis para a determinação do agente etiológico através de cultura bacteriana em ágar sangue e ágar MacConkey. Realizou-se também o teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos. A cultura bacteriológica das aves [A1] e [A2] resultou em crescimento de Proteus sp. e Proteus vulgares, respectivamente. O antibiograma da ave [A1] demonstrou resistência aos antibióticos: ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidima, ciprofloxacina, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Na ave [A2] a cepa isolada apresentou resistência a ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefoxitina, cloranfenicol, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Proteus spp. pode ser considerado um patógeno multirresistente, causador de lesões graves e doenças em aves selvagens criadas em cativeiro.

Diagnosis of Proteus spp. in wild birds raised under captivity in Rio Grande do Norte, brazil / Diagnóstico de Proteus spp. em aves exóticas criadas em cativeiro no Rio Grande do Norte

The aim of this work was to relate the occurrence of bacterial illnesses in two wild birds raised under captive conditions in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, focusing on their clinical and microbiological findings. Clinical exams were performed in both birds in order to collect data and to determine the clinical and pathological outcome. In bird [A1] was diagnosed an infection in the respiratory system, and in bird [A2] the diagnosis was pododermatitis. Samples of shedding were collected using a sterile swab to perform a bacterial culture in blood agar and McConkey agar. An antibiogram was performed as well. The bacterial culture revealed the growing of Proteus sp. and Proteus vulgares, respectively. The antibiogram performed with the samples of bird [A1] showed the resistance to the follow antibiotics: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicin. In bird [A2], strain was resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefotoxin, chloramphenicol, tetraciclin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicina. Proteus spp. appears to be a potencial multiresistant pathogen and causes severe lesions and diseases for wild birds in captivity.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a ocorrência de enfermidades bacterianas em duas aves exóticas criadas em cativeiro no Rio Grande do Norte, com enfoque nos achados clínicos e microbiológicos. Realizou-se o exame clínico nas aves para a coleta de dados e caracterização do quadro clínico-patológico, sendo diagnosticada na ave [A1] infecção no trato respiratório superior, e na ave [A2] pododermatite profunda. O material biológico das secreções foi colhido com o auxílio de swabs estéreis para a determinação do agente etiológico através de cultura bacteriana em ágar sangue e ágar MacConkey. Realizou-se também o teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos. A cultura bacteriológica das aves [A1] e [A2] resultou em crescimento de Proteus sp. e Proteus vulgares, respectivamente. O antibiograma da ave [A1] demonstrou resistência aos antibióticos: ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidima, ciprofloxacina, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Na ave [A2] a cepa isolada apresentou resistência a ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefoxitina, cloranfenicol, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Proteus spp. pode ser considerado um patógeno multirresistente, causador de lesões graves e doenças em aves selvagens criadas em cativeiro.(AU)

Diagnosis of Proteus spp. in wild birds raised under captivity in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

The aim of this work was to relate the occurrence of bacterial illnesses in two wild birds raised under captive conditions in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, focusing on their clinical and microbiological findings. Clinical exams were performed in both birds in order to collect data and to determine the clinical and pathological outcome. In bird [A1] was diagnosed an infection in the respiratory system, and in bird [A2] the diagnosis was pododermatitis. Samples of shedding were collected using a sterile swab to perform a bacterial culture in blood agar and McConkey agar. An antibiogram was performed as well. The bacterial culture revealed the growing of Proteus sp. and Proteus vulgares, respectively. The antibiogram performed with the samples of bird [A1] showed the resistance to the follow antibiotics: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicin. In bird [A2], strain was resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefotoxin, chloramphenicol, tetraciclin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicina. Proteus spp. appears to be a potencial multiresistant pathogen and causes severe lesions and diseases for wild birds in captivity.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a ocorrência de enfermidades bacterianas em duas aves exóticas criadas em cativeiro no Rio Grande do Norte, com enfoque nos achados clínicos e microbiológicos. Realizou-se o exame clínico nas aves para a coleta de dados e caracterização do quadro clínico-patológico, sendo diagnosticada na ave [A1] infecção no trato respiratório superior, e na ave [A2] pododermatite profunda. O material biológico das secreções foi colhido com o auxílio de swabs estéreis para a determinação do agente etiológico através de cultura bacteriana em ágar sangue e ágar MacConkey. Realizou-se também o teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos. A cultura bacteriológica das aves [A1] e [A2] resultou em crescimento de Proteus sp. e Proteus vulgares, respectivamente. O antibiograma da ave [A1] demonstrou resistência aos antibióticos: ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidima, ciprofloxacina, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Na ave [A2] a cepa isolada apresentou resistência a ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefoxitina, cloranfenicol, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Proteus spp. pode ser considerado um patógeno multirresistente, causador de lesões graves e doenças em aves selvagens criadas em cativeiro.

Ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em emas (Rhea americana) do Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte / Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in greater rheas (Rhea americana) at the Reproduction Centre for Wild Animals in Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were evaluated in greater rheas (Rhea americana) from the Reproduction Centre for Wild Animals located at the Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, by the modified agglutination test (MAT >25). It was verified that, from the 69 examined birds, 4.3% (three rheas) tested positive. The research about ratites toxoplasmoses are scarce, this way, the results showed the importance of the T. gondii diagnosis in wild birds.(AU)

Comportamento e aspectos citológicos de beauveria basssiana após passagem em ovo, larva e adulto de chrysomya albiceps

ABSTRACT The objective this research was to evaluate the behavior of Beuveria bassiana Balsamo Vuillemin fungus reisolated from different phases of development of Chrysomya albiceps. The fungus B. bassiana was isolated originally from Castnia licus Drury (Lepidoptera: Castniidae), and kept at the Culture Collection (Micoteca-URM) of the Department of Mycology of the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, under the access number 3,447. The experiment was carried out under artificial conditions at 60 ± 10% relative humidity and 27 ± 1o C. The percentile of germination was elevated, with the largest index observed in the reisolate from the larval phase; the radial growth in the interval of stipulated time was satisfactory, the conidia number on the 12th day for the reisolate from the adult phase was larger than that for the reisolate from the egg phase. The number of colonies of all the reisolates was higher than that of the control. Differences were not observed in the cytological aspects of the life cycle of B. bassiana after passage in eggs, larvae and adults.

RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o comportamento do fungo Beauveria bassiana Balsamo Vuillemin reisolado de diferentes fases de desenvolvimento de Chrysomya albiceps. O fungo B. bassiana foi originalmente isolado de Castnia licus Drury (Lepidoptera: Castniidae), e está depositado na Coleção de Cultura (Micoteca-URM) do Departamento de Micologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, sob o número de acesso 3.447. O experimento foi realizado em condições artificiais sob umidade e temperatura 60 ± 10% e 27 ± 1o C, respectivamente. O percentual de germinação foi elevado, com o maior índice observado no reisolado de larva; o crescimento radial no intervalo de tempo estipulado foi satisfatório, o número de conídios no 12o dia do reisolado de adulto foi maior do que o reisolado de ovo. O número de colônias de todos os reisolados foi superior ao controle. Não foram observadas diferenças nos aspectos citológicos do ciclo de vida de B. bassiana pós-passagem em ovos, larvas e adultos.

Possible analgesic effect of vigabatrin in animal experimental chronic neuropathic pain.

Since anticonvulsants have been used for treating neuralgias, an interest has arisen to experimentally test vigabatrin for its gabaergic mechanism of action. For this, 41 Wistar rats were used, and in 25 of them a constrictive sciatic neuropathy was induced (Bennet & Xie model). For testing pain symptoms, spontaneous (scratching) and evoked behaviors to noxious (46 degrees C) and non-noxious (40 degrees C) thermal stimuli were quantified. Moreover, a comparative pharmacological study of vigabatrin with other analgesic anticonvulsant drugs was also performed. The results showed a possible dose-dependent analgesic effect of vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl-GABA) on experimental neuropathic pain, as shown by the significant (p < 0.05) decreasing effect of vigabatrin on scratching and by its significant (p < 0.05) increasing effect on the latency of the right hindpaw withdrawal of the animals to noxious thermal stimulus. This was corroborated by similar findings with analgesic anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, phenytoin and valproic acid). This possible and not yet described analgesic effect of vigabatrin seems not to be opioid mediated.