The structure of qualitative studies: a bibliometric pattern of biomedical literature.

The lack of knowledge in the biomedical literature regarding the validity of qualitative studies might be related to the lower number of qualitative studies that have been published. The criticisms range from a lack of theoretical depth to the superficial discussions of empirical findings. The aim of this study was to explore the bibliometric entities and the trends in the structure of qualitative research in the biomedical literature. A bibliometric analysis and mapping of the biomedical literature were used. The number of studies selected was 1,725. The heath themes with the most publications included Health Management (12%) and Women's Health (9.8%), while the authors of the studies had academic affiliation in 76 different countries. The sample sizes were between 11 and 20 participants (27.13%) and the Grounded Theory framework (9.04%) stood out. The improved structuring of a qualitative research extends the effective communication between health providers and researchers, and support in the management of clinical situations.

Seven steps for qualitative treatment in health research: the Clinical-Qualitative Content Analysis.

Qualitative Health research procedures that are not always applied, mainly in the analysis phase. Our objective is to present a systematized technique of step-by-step procedures for qualitative content analysis in the health field: Clinical-Qualitative Content Analysis. Our proposal consider that the qualitative research applied to the field of health, can acquire a perspective analogous to clinical practice and aims to interpret meanings expressed in reports through individual interviews or statements. This analysis takes part of the Clinical-Qualitative Method. The literature review was realized through: a book chapter, eight original articles and three methodological articles. The Clinical-qualitative Content Analysis technique comprises seven steps: 1) Editing material for analysis; 2) Floating reading; 3) Construction of the units of analysis; 4) Construction of codes of meaning; 5) General refining of the codes and the Construction of categories; 6) Discussion; 7) Validity. The clinical-qualitative analysis presupposes and involves a critical reflection on the processes carried out at each step. This reflection is an extremely rich process, if carried out collectively and in dialogue with other researchers with some proficiency in qualitative methods.

Qualitative data regarding the experiences of pregnant women with lupus in Brazil.

A qualitative design was performed as individual face-to-face interviews with each participant, following a semi-structured script based on open questions. Participants were interviewed at a specialized clinic, where, during prenatal care, women with stable systemic lupus erythematosus disease were received scheduled consultations. The sample was intentionally composed of women who attended a specialized high-risk clinic, from July 2017 to July 2018. Participants (N = 26) were interviewed in-depth, without refusal. A thematic analysis, according to the 7 steps of the qualitative analysis, was performed. Before conducting interviews, the researcher went through a period of environmental adaptation to the clinic, following a service observation script and maturing the open consultation script questions, to deepen the themes derived from these women's perceptions during the individual interview. Two authors analyzed the material, which was recorded as audio and transcribed in full; later, the material that was organized in the NVIVO 11 software was validated.

Perceptions of women with systemic lupus erythematosus undergoing high-risk prenatal care: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease that often leads to situations of harm to the mother-fetus binomial. Given the potential for complications and morbidities in these pregnant women, it is essential that a multidisciplinary team be involved in pregnancy planning, as well as monitoring the course of the pregnancy and the postpartum period. Owing to the imminent risks of disease worsening along with consequent disabilities, these women may experience psychological and psychosocial impacts conflicting with the psychological demands of pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To understand the meanings attributed to pregnancy by women with SLE. DESIGN: A qualitative design with face-to-face interview following a semi-structured script of open-ended questions. SETTING: A specialized outpatient clinic where during prenatal care, women with stable disease undergo scheduled appointments. PARTICIPANTS: The sample was intentionally composed of women visiting a specialized outpatient clinic from July 2017 to July 2018. The participants (N = 26) were interviewed in depth, with no refusal. Thematic analysis according to the 7 steps of qualitative analysis was conducted using NVivo 11. FINDINGS: Four categories were identified: (1) unplanned pregnancy and nonuse of contraception, (2) feeling healthy despite a doctor's warning of the disease worsening because of pregnancy, (3) joy coupled with fear of the future and pregnancy, and (4) self-perception and straight perception. CONCLUSIONS: The experiences of pregnant women with SLE are permeated by ambiguous feelings. These women feel healthy because they can bear a child despite the chronic disease diagnosis and, at the same time, experience fear and insecurity owing to the imminent possibility of disease-related disabilities and limitations. They especially wish to experience motherhood, and they strive for safety and support. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Health teams must be structured to welcome and advise these women in planning relationships and pregnancy, as well as choosing the best contraceptive methods and making optimal reproductive decisions. The development of strategies to deal with changes in the perinatal period may be helpful, as these women are willing to take care of themselves.

Uma reflexão a respeito da educação inclusiva e medicalização da infância a partir das ideias de Carl Rogers sobre educação / A reflection on inclusive education and childhood medicalization from Carl Rogers' ideas about education

No decorrer das últimas décadas, as concepções a respeito das deficiências físicas e intelectuais foram se modificando, trazendo implicações para o ambiente educacional. Quando a deficiência passa a ser entendida como uma diferença, transfere para a escola a responsabilidade de incluir as crianças portadoras de deficiência na sala de aula, ocasionando novas exigências nas práticas educacionais. Assim, ao mesmo tempo em que surgem políticas a favor da inclusão escolar, constata-se a prevalência de uma abordagem biomédica nesse processo, procurando superar a nova demanda da educação através de terapêuticas clínicas. O presente estudo visa discutir as Práticas de Inclusão Escolar através do conceito de Aprendizagem Significativa desenvolvido por Carl Rogers que, ao compreendê-la como um processo que pressupõe o envolvimento de toda a pessoa, em seus aspectos sensórios e cognitivos pode se tornar uma resposta a proposta de inclusão educacional, distanciando-a de práticas estáticas e medicalizantes.(AU)

Over the last few decades, the conceptions about physical and mental disabilities have been changed, bringing some impacts to the educational environment. When the deficiency starts to be understood as a difference, it becomes part of the school´s responsibility to include those disabled children in the classroom, bringing forth new requirements to the educational practices. Therefore, at the same time in which policies in favor of School Inclusion come up, the prevalence of a Biomedical approach is noted in this process, trying to overcome the new demand of education through clinical therapeutics. This study aims to discuss School Inclusion Practices through the concept of Significant Learning developed by Carl Rogers, in which understanding it as a process that presupposes an involvement of the whole person, in their sensitive and cognitive aspects, may become an answer to the proposal of educational inclusion, moving it away from static and medicalized practices.(AU)

Uma reflexão a respeito da educação inclusiva e medicalização da infância a partir das ideias de Carl Rogers sobre educação / A reflection on inclusive education and childhood medicalization from Carl Rogers' ideas about education

No decorrer das últimas décadas, as concepções a respeito das deficiências físicas e intelectuais foram se modificando, trazendo implicações para o ambiente educacional.Quando a deficiência passa a ser entendida como uma diferença, transfere para a escola a responsabilidade de incluir as crianças portadoras de deficiência na sala de aula,ocasionando novas exigências nas práticas educacionais. Assim, ao mesmo tempo em que surgem políticas a favor da inclusão escolar, constata-se a prevalência de uma abordagem biomédica nesse processo, procurando superar a nova demanda da educação através de terapêuticas clínicas. O presente estudo visa discutir as Práticas de Inclusão Escolar através do conceito de Aprendizagem Significativa desenvolvido por Carl Rogers que, ao compreendê-la como um processo que pressupõe o envolvimento de toda a pessoa, em seus aspectos sensórios e cognitivos pode se tornar uma resposta a proposta de inclusão educacional, distanciando-a de práticas estáticas e medicalizantes.(AU)

Over the last few decades, the conceptions about physical and mental disabilities have been changed, bringing some impacts to the educational environment. When the deficiency starts to be understood as a difference, it becomes part of the school´s responsibility to include those disabled children in the classroom, bringing forth new requirements to the educational practices. Therefore, at the same time in which policies in favor of School Inclusion come up, the prevalence of a Biomedical approach is noted in this process, trying to overcome the new demand of education through clinical therapeutics. This study aims to discuss School Inclusion Practices through the concept of Significant Learning developed by Carl Rogers, in which understanding it as a process that presupposes an involvement of the whole person, in their sensitive and cognitive aspects, may become an answer to the proposal of educational inclusion, moving it away from static and medicalized practices.(AU)

Percepção e Enfrentamento do Psicossomático na Relação Médico-Paciente / Perceiving and Facing the Psychosomatic in the Physician-Patient Relationship

RESUMO Com o objetivo de compreender a vivência de médicos no atendimento a pacientes psicossomáticos, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e fenomenológica com quatro profissionais da medicina. A compreensão das entrevistas mostra que as condutas perfazem um percurso iniciado por um diagnóstico, seguido de uma mobilização pessoal que os conduz a tentativas de reorganizar a relação médico-paciente e a utilizar algumas terapêuticas, bem como demonstram seu despreparo na abordagem do tema. Esse percurso é compreendido de acordo com o modelo biomédico que rege as concepções e práticas apreendidas desde a graduação. No entanto, essa formação gera dificuldades no manejo de aspectos psicológicos, e não apenas dos referidos como elementos psicogênicos do adoecimento, típicos das compreensões psicossomáticas. Evidencia-se uma aprendizagem médica em que se dá mais atenção à doença do que ao ser que adoece.

ABSTRACT With the objective to understand the medical experience in attending psychosomatic patients, a qualitative and phenomenological research was carried on with four doctors. The comprehension of their reports shows that their conduct makes a course beginning at the diagnostic, followed by a personal mobilization which leads them to reorganize their relations with the patients and the offered therapeutics, as also how they reveal their lack of qualification to approach this subject. This course is understood in accordance with the biomedical model referred as the regent of their conceptions and practices, since medical undergraduate education. However, this formation brings them difficulties to manage the psychological aspects, not only the psychogenic ones related to the sickness, typical from psychosomatics comprehensions. It is evidenced a medical learning in which it is given more attention to illness than to human experience.

Significados do adoecer para pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico: revisão da literatura / Meanings of the sickening process for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of the literature

Resumo O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico é uma doença autoimune, que provoca diversas repercussões psicológicas que têm sido estudadas por meio de pesquisas qualitativas. Essas são consideradas relevantes, uma vez que reveladoras da amplitude vivenciada pelos pacientes. Face a essa relevância, este artigo buscou mapear a produção qualitativa na temática, oriunda de estudos de vivências de pacientes adultos de ambos os gêneros e que tivessem usado como instrumento a entrevista semiestruturada e/ou a observação de campo, além do critério de amostragem por saturação na definição do número de participantes de cada estudo. O levantamento foi feito nas bases de dados Pubmed, Lilacs, Psycinfo e Cochrane em busca de produções em língua inglesa e portuguesa publicadas entre janeiro de 2005 e junho de 2012. Os 19 artigos revisados que se ocuparam com pacientes em fase aguda da doença revelaram temas categorizados em oito tópicos que contemplaram o processo vivenciado nas diversas etapas, desde o desencadeamento da doença, passando pelo conhecimento do diagnóstico pela e compreensão das manifestações da doença, até o tratamento medicamentoso e os cuidados gerais, a evolução e o prognóstico. Apontam também a difícil compreensão pelos pacientes do que consiste a chamada fase de remissão, bem como nos revela que se trata de uma fase clínica pouco explorada pelos estudos psicológicos.

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that causes many psychological repercussions that have been studied through qualitative research. These are considered relevant, since they reveal the amplitude experienced by patients. Given this importance, this study aims to map the qualitative production in this theme, derived from studies of experiences of adult patients of both genders and that had used as a tool a semi-structured interview and/or field observations, and had made use of a sampling by a saturation criterion to determine the number of participants in each study. The survey was conducted in Pubmed, Lilacs, Psycinfo e Cochrane databases, searching productions in English and Portuguese idioms published between January 2005 and June 2012. The 19 revised papers that have dealt with patients in the acute phase of the disease showed themes that were categorized into eight topics that contemplated the experienced process at various stages, from the onset of the disease, extending through the knowledge of the diagnosis and the understanding of the manifestations of the disease, drug treatment and general care, evolution and prognosis. The collected papers also point to the difficulty of understanding, of the patients, on what consists the remission phase, revealing also that this is a clinical stage underexplored by psychological studies.

Emotional Experiences of Obese Women with Adequate Gestational Weight Variation: A Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: As a result of the growth of the obese population, the number of obese women of fertile age has increased in the last few years. Obesity in pregnancy is related to greater levels of anxiety, depression and physical harm. However, pregnancy is an opportune moment for the intervention of health care professionals to address obesity. The objective of this study was to describe how obese pregnant women emotionally experience success in adequate weight control. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Using a qualitative design that seeks to understand content in the field of health, the sample of subjects was deliberated, with thirteen obese pregnant women selected to participate in an individual interview. Data was analysed by inductive content analysis and includes complete transcription of the interviews, re-readings using suspended attention, categorization in discussion topics and the qualitative and inductive analysis of the content. The analysis revealed four categories, three of which show the trajectory of body care that obese women experience during pregnancy: 1) The obese pregnant woman starts to think about her body;2) The challenge of the diet for the obese pregnant woman; 3) The relation of the obese pregnant woman with the team of antenatal professionals. The fourth category reveals the origin of the motivation for the change: 4) The potentializing factors for change: the motivation of the obese woman while pregnant. CONCLUSIONS: During pregnancy, obese women are more in touch with themselves and with their emotional conflicts. Through the transformations of their bodies, women can start a more refined self-care process and experience of the body-mind unit. The fear for their own and their baby's life, due to the risks posed by obesity, appears to be a great potentializing factor for change. The relationship with the professionals of the health care team plays an important role in the motivational support of the obese pregnant woman.

Meanings of the sickening process for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of the literature.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that causes many psychological repercussions that have been studied through qualitative research. These are considered relevant, since they reveal the amplitude experienced by patients. Given this importance, this study aims to map the qualitative production in this theme, derived from studies of experiences of adult patients of both genders and that had used as a tool a semi-structured interview and/or field observations, and had made use of a sampling by a saturation criterion to determine the number of participants in each study. The survey was conducted in Pubmed, Lilacs, Psycinfo e Cochrane databases, searching productions in English and Portuguese idioms published between January 2005 and June 2012. The 19 revised papers that have dealt with patients in the acute phase of the disease showed themes that were categorized into eight topics that contemplated the experienced process at various stages, from the onset of the disease, extending through the knowledge of the diagnosis and the understanding of the manifestations of the disease, drug treatment and general care, evolution and prognosis. The collected papers also point to the difficulty of understanding, of the patients, on what consists the remission phase, revealing also that this is a clinical stage underexplored by psychological studies.

Compreensão de distúrbio psicossomático a partir da vivência de médicos / Understanding of the psychosomatic disorder from the experience of physicians

Com o objetivo de conhecer a vivência de médicos no atendimento de pacientes por eles considerados psicossomáticos, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de perspectiva fenomenológica em que quatro profissionais foram entrevistados. Como resultado, os médicos não referiram formação teórico-prática sobre o tema, mas apontaram para um conhecimento construído a partir de suas experiências clínicas, em função de como entendem: a formação do sintoma; a caracterização destes pacientes e as doenças consideradas psicossomáticas e o tratamento vislumbrado. Estes médicos refletiram o mesmo mosaico conceitual encontrado entre os estudos científicos de psicossomática os quais revelam a temática atravessada pelo raciocínio determinista do modelo biomédico. Conclui-se que novos modelos são necessários tanto no campo da medicina como da psicossomática

With the aim of knowing physicians' experience in the assistance of patients considered by them as psychosomatic, a qualitative and phenomenological research was done with four doctors. As a result, the doctors didn't report any theoretical-practical formation on the theme, but pointed to a built knowledge based upon their clinical experience, as they understand: the formation of the symptom; the characterization of these patients and the disorders considered psychosomatic and their due treatment. These doctors reflected the same conceptual mosaic found among scientific studies on psychosomatics, which reveal such thematic crossed by the biomedical model's deterministic thinking. It is concluded that new models are as necessary in the field of medicine as in that of psychosomatics

The phenomenological-existential comprehension of chronic pain: going beyond the standing healthcare models.

A distinguishing characteristic of the biomedical model is its compartmentalized view of man. This way of seeing human beings has its origin in Greek thought; it was stated by Descartes and to this day it still considers humans as beings composed of distinct entities combined into a certain form. Because of this observation, one began to believe that the focus of a health treatment could be exclusively on the affected area of the body, without the need to pay attention to patient's subjectivity. By seeing pain as a merely sensory response, this model was not capable of encompassing chronic pain, since the latter is a complex process that can occur independently of tissue damage. As of the second half of the twentieth century, when it became impossible to deny the relationship between psyche and soma, the current understanding of chronic pain emerges: that of chronic pain as an individual experience, the result of a sum of physical, psychological, and social factors that, for this reason, cannot be approached separately from the individual who expresses pain. This understanding has allowed a significant improvement in perspective, emphasizing the characteristic of pain as an individual experience. However, the understanding of chronic pain as a sum of factors corresponds to the current way of seeing the process of falling ill, for its conception holds a Cartesian duality and the positivist premise of a single reality. For phenomenology, on the other hand, the individual in his/her unity is more than a simple sum of parts. Phenomenology sees a human being as an intending entity, in which body, mind, and the world are intertwined and constitute each other mutually, thus establishing the human being's integral functioning. Therefore, a real understanding of the chronic pain process would only be possible from a phenomenological point of view at the experience lived by the individual who expresses and communicates pain.

Compreensão de distúrbio psicossomático a partir da vivência de médicos / Understanding of the psychosomatic disorder from the experience of physicians

Com o objetivo de conhecer a vivência de médicos no atendimento de pacientes por eles considerados psicossomáticos, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de perspectiva fenomenológica em que quatro profissionais foram entrevistados. Como resultado, os médicos não referiram formação teórico-prática sobre o tema, mas apontaram para um conhecimento construído a partir de suas experiências clínicas, em função de como entendem: aformação do sintoma; a caracterização destes pacientes e as doenças consideradas psicossomáticas e o tratamento vislumbrado. Estes médicos refletiram o mesmo mosaico conceitual encontrado entre os estudos científicos de psicossomática os quais revelam a temática atravessada pelo raciocínio determinista do modelo biomédico. Conclui-se que novos modelos são necessários tanto no campo da medicina como da psicossomática (AU)

Emoção e soma (des)conectadas em páginas de revista: as categorias temáticas do discurso prescritivo sobre os fenômenos da vida e da doença / Emotion and soma (dis)connected in magazine pages: the thematic categories of the prescriptive discourse on phenomena of life and illness

As revistas vendidas nas bancas têm se tornado textos de autoajuda e o estudo de suas matérias possibilita compreender como seus discursos são construídos, como se tornam repertórios utilizados para dar sentido à vida. No caso das revistas que versam sobre a esfera da saúde, que prescrevem receitas de tratamento, prevenção e até estilos de vida saudáveis, os estudos permitem compreender os significados dos discursos sobre corpo e saúde. Em algumas matérias, por vezes o destaque dado ao físico se faz acompanhar da inserção de aspectos mentais. Tal fato originou o presente estudo que tem por objetivo clarificar como esta conexão mente e corpo é conceituada e prescrita nessas páginas. Seis matérias de uma revista brasileira de saúde, publicadas entre agosto de 2005 e fevereiro de 2006, foram analisadas quanto ao conteúdo dos textos e ao destaque gráfico e textual. Considerou-se significativo o formato em que esta mídia opera, pois associado às categorias temáticas: autodiagnóstico, o lugar das emoções, as prescrições e a causalidade reforça estilos de vida saudáveis. Para tanto o leitor deve aprender a se autodiagnosticar e controlar suas emoções, consideradas contrapostas ao físico. As matérias delineiam um campo de saúde em que a cisão mente corpo se adensa e se prolonga, instaurando a medicalização da sociedade.

Magazines sold on newsstands have become self-help texts, and the study of the topics covered makes it possible to understand how the discourses are constructed, how they become repositories used to give meaning to life. In the case of magazines that deal with the sphere of health, prescribing methods of treatment, prevention and even healthy lifestyles, the studies allow us to understand the meanings of discourses about body and health. In some articles, the emphasis that sometimes highlights the physical aspect is accompanied by the inclusion of mental aspects. This fact gave rise to this study, which seeks to clarify how this mind-body connection is conceptualized and prescribed in these pages. Six articles of a Brazilian health magazine published between August 2005 and February 2006 were analyzed regarding the content of the texts as well as graphic and textual features. The way this media format operates was considered significant, and when associated with the themes: self-diagnosis, the place of emotion, the prescriptions and causality reinforce healthy lifestyles. Readers must learn to self-diagnose and control their emotions, considered to be juxtaposed to the physical emotions. The articles outline a field of health in which the mind-body split deepens and extends, establishing the medicalization of society.

[Emotion and soma (dis)connected in magazine pages: the thematic categories of the prescriptive discourse on phenomena of life and illness]. / Emoção e soma (des)conectadas em páginas de revista: as categorias temáticas do discurso prescritivo sobre os fenômenos da vida e da doença.

Magazines sold on newsstands have become self-help texts, and the study of the topics covered makes it possible to understand how the discourses are constructed, how they become repositories used to give meaning to life. In the case of magazines that deal with the sphere of health, prescribing methods of treatment, prevention and even healthy lifestyles, the studies allow us to understand the meanings of discourses about body and health. In some articles, the emphasis that sometimes highlights the physical aspect is accompanied by the inclusion of mental aspects. This fact gave rise to this study, which seeks to clarify how this mind-body connection is conceptualized and prescribed in these pages. Six articles of a Brazilian health magazine published between August 2005 and February 2006 were analyzed regarding the content of the texts as well as graphic and textual features. The way this media format operates was considered significant, and when associated with the themes: self-diagnosis, the place of emotion, the prescriptions and causality reinforce healthy lifestyles. Readers must learn to self-diagnose and control their emotions, considered to be juxtaposed to the physical emotions. The articles outline a field of health in which the mind-body split deepens and extends, establishing the medicalization of society.

Os primeiros passos no processo de tornar-se psicoterapeuta sob o referencial da abordagem centrada na pessoa / The first steps in the process of becoming a psychotherapist under the reference of the person centered approach

O processo de tornar-se psicoterapeuta, segundo os princípios da AbordagemCentrada na Pessoa (ACP), não é algo que ocorra com a aprendizagemda graduação, demanda muito mais prática do que a oferecida durante estecurso; é nas clínicas escola que o estudante começa a trilhar seu caminho.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo compreender como se dava o processode tornar-se psicoterapeuta de alunos do último ano de um curso depsicologia, em uma universidade privada do estado de São Paulo, Brasil,descrevendo parte de sua experiência e seus significados, reconhecendo ossentimentos vivenciados ao longo do processo. O material de estudo foi oregistro escrito do sentido de cada uma das sessões realizadas, nomeadopor Versões de Sentido (VS). Os textos das VS foram analisados em acordoaos princípios da metodologia fenomenológica. Observou-se que o momentovivido por esses estudantes compreendia quatro fases distintas: angústia,compreensão, retrocesso e separação, sendo cada uma delas repleta deespecificidades, e foi fomentado o questionamento de se estas seriam “fasesde um psicoterapeuta iniciante” ou “fases com um cliente iniciante”.

Os primeiros passos no processo de tornar-se psicoterapeuta sob o referencial da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa / The first steps in the process of becoming a psychotherapist under the reference of the Person Centered Approach

O processo de tornar-se psicoterapeuta, segundo os princípios da AbordagemCentrada na Pessoa (ACP), não é algo que ocorra com a aprendizagemda graduação, demanda muito mais prática do que a oferecida durante estecurso; é nas clínicas escola que o estudante começa a trilhar seu caminho.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo compreender como se dava o processode tornar-se psicoterapeuta de alunos do último ano de um curso depsicologia, em uma universidade privada do estado de São Paulo, Brasil,descrevendo parte de sua experiência e seus significados, reconhecendo ossentimentos vivenciados ao longo do processo. O material de estudo foi oregistro escrito do sentido de cada uma das sessões realizadas, nomeadopor Versões de Sentido (VS). Os textos das VS foram analisados em acordoaos princípios da metodologia fenomenológica. Observou-se que o momentovivido por esses estudantes compreendia quatro fases distintas: angústia,compreensão, retrocesso e separação, sendo cada uma delas repleta deespecificidades, e foi fomentado o questionamento de se estas seriam “fasesde um psicoterapeuta iniciante” ou “fases com um cliente iniciante”.(AU)

Aspectos psicossociais da pessoa vitima de queimaduras e de seus familiares: analise de algumas variaveis

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento e verbalizacao de pessoas que sofreram queimadura, durante a fase de internacao hospitalar. Foram sujeitos doze adultos, quatro homens, quatro mulheres e quatro criancas, todos portadores de queimadura que exigiram, no minimo, sete dias de hospitalizacao. Foram feitas observacoes do comportamento na fase de internacao e entrevistas com o sujeito e seus familiares. As observacoes foram feitas diariamente por um periodo de cinco semanas, com a duracao de trinta minutos cada uma. As entrevistas com os sujeitos tambem foram feitas diariamente. As familias foram entrevistadas uma vez por semana. Os resultados indicaram que os sujeitos passaram por fases distintas durante a internacao, assim como sua familia. A reacao positiva e negativa durante a internacao se mostrou o fator mais importante no tempo de recuperacao para todos os sujeitos.