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1.
J. optom. (Internet) ; 16(4): 245-251, October - December 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-225613

RESUMO

Purpose: Considering the burden of refractive error, clinical-based research methods are often used as epidemiological tools. This study aimed to generate evidence on the prevalence and distribution of refractive error in Portugal. Methods A cross-sectional retrospective study was designed to review optometric records from Portuguese practices during July 2021. Results 348 optometric records were analysed. Subjects had a mean age of 44.2 ± 19.2 years (range 6–81) and 58.4% were female. The mean spherical equivalent was myopic, −0.65 ± 2.38 Diopters (D), varying from a minimum of −13.63 to a maximum of 6.25 D. According to sex, the mean spherical equivalent was −0.76 ± 2.29 D for female and −0.49 ± 2.49 D for male, with no significant difference between them (p = .307). The distribution of the spherical equivalent mean across the age groups, linearly varies from a myopic −1.62 ± 1.74 D in the age group of [6 – 29]; −1.58 ± 2.80 D in [30 – 44]; −0.09 ± 2.40 in [45 – 59] to a hyperopic 0.67 ± 1.61 D in the group of [60 – 81]. High myopia had a prevalence of 2.7% in the sample. Myopia was the most prevalent refractive error in the sample representing 41.3%. In the age group [6–29], myopia had a prevalence of 69.3%. Hyperopia had a prevalence in the sample of 29.7%. Conclusions Myopia represents the most prevalent refractive error within the sample and is the prevalence is higher in the younger age groups, demonstrating a shift towards an increase of myopia in the next years. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Hiperopia , Miopia , Erros de Refração , Prevalência , Portugal , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Transversais
2.
J. optom. (Internet) ; 16(3): 182-188, July - September 2023. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-222226

RESUMO

Purpose The aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyse epidemiological data of refractive error prevalence in Portugal. Methods A structured search strategy and systematic literature review was applied to multiple databases, such as MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, official organizations and academic repositorium's, to identify all relevant epidemiological studies in Portugal until February 2021. The outcome measure was the prevalence of refractive error among the Portuguese population. The events and sample size were entered as raw data and the effect size parameters were computed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. Results A total of 9 studies were pooled for the meta-analysis. The fixed effects model points to an estimated effect size of 43% (95% CI: 41.9–44.1%). However, the statistics of heterogeneity (Q-value p < 0.001; I-squared =99.344) showed very high heterogeneity among studies and recommends using a random-effects model. The random effects model points to an estimated effect size of 31.9% (95% CI: 19.8–47.0%) prevalence of refractive error in the Portuguese population. Conclusions A prevalence of refractive error in Portugal of 31.9% (95% CI: 20.0–47.0%) can be considered as a conservative approach to the real burden of this condition. However, it translates into at least 2 to 4.5 million Portuguese individuals with a refractive error. The high heterogeneity between studies, the wide estimate and the random effects involved demonstrate the need for more studies and consistent sources to obtain narrower estimates. (AU)


Assuntos
Erros de Refração , Miopia , Dominância Ocular , Olho , Portugal
3.
J Optom ; 16(3): 182-188, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36050229

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyse epidemiological data of refractive error prevalence in Portugal. METHODS: A structured search strategy and systematic literature review was applied to multiple databases, such as MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, official organizations and academic repositorium's, to identify all relevant epidemiological studies in Portugal until February 2021. The outcome measure was the prevalence of refractive error among the Portuguese population. The events and sample size were entered as raw data and the effect size parameters were computed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. RESULTS: A total of 9 studies were pooled for the meta-analysis. The fixed effects model points to an estimated effect size of 43% (95% CI: 41.9-44.1%). However, the statistics of heterogeneity (Q-value p < 0.001; I-squared =99.344) showed very high heterogeneity among studies and recommends using a random-effects model. The random effects model points to an estimated effect size of 31.9% (95% CI: 19.8-47.0%) prevalence of refractive error in the Portuguese population. CONCLUSIONS: A prevalence of refractive error in Portugal of 31.9% (95% CI: 20.0-47.0%) can be considered as a conservative approach to the real burden of this condition. However, it translates into at least 2 to 4.5 million Portuguese individuals with a refractive error. The high heterogeneity between studies, the wide estimate and the random effects involved demonstrate the need for more studies and consistent sources to obtain narrower estimates.


Assuntos
Erros de Refração , Humanos , Portugal/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Erros de Refração/epidemiologia , Etnicidade
4.
J. optom. (Internet) ; 13(4): 257-261, oct.-dic. 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-193462

RESUMO

The pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), had profound impact in many countries and their health care systems. Regarding Portugal, a suppression strategy with social distancing was adopted, attempting to break the transmission chains, bending the epidemy curve and reducing mortality. These measures seek to prevent an eventual National Health Service over-running, enforcing the suspension of all elective and non-urgent health care. Despite the success in so far, there is a consensus on the need to recover the previous level of health care provision and further enhance it. The Portuguese National Health Service, as a public, universal access, health care system funded by the State proved, in this context, its importance and relevance to the Portuguese population. However, long standing issues, such as the pre pandemic over long waiting lists for hospital ophthalmology attendance, whose determinants are fully identified but still unmet, emerge amplified from this pandemic. The lack of primary eye care in the National Health Service is a significant bottleneck, placing a huge stress on hospital-based care. An exclusive ophthalmologist's center care was over-runned before pandemic and will be even more so. The optometrist's exclusion from differentiated, multisectoral and multidisciplinary eye care teams remains the main hurdle to overcome and insure universal eye care in Portugal. National Health Service highlights the consequences of an overcome model. Universal eye care more than ever demands an evidence-based, integrated approach with primary eye care, in the community, on time and of proximity


La pandemia del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave causado por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) ha tenido amplias repercusiones en muchos países y en sus sistemas sanitarios. En Portugal, se ha adoptado una estrategia de contención basada en el distanciamiento social, con la cual se ha intentado cortar las cadenas de transmisión, frenar la curva de la epidemia y reducir la mortalidad. Con estas medidas se trataba de evitar un eventual desbordamiento del Servicio Nacional de Salud y se imponía la suspensión de toda la atención médica programada, que no fuera urgente. A pesar del éxito logrado hasta este momento, existe consenso sobre la necesidad de recuperar el nivel anterior de atención médica y fomentar su mejora. El Servicio Nacional de Salud de Portugal, como sistema sanitario público y de acceso universal, a cargo del Estado, ha demostrado, en este contexto, su importancia y pertinencia para la población portuguesa. Sin embargo, los problemas que acarrea desde hace mucho tiempo, como las largas listas de espera, anteriores a la pandemia, en la asistencia oftalmológica hospitalaria, cuyos factores determinantes están completamente identificados, pero que continúan sin solución, se han visto agravados a resultas de esta pandemia. La falta de atención primaria oftalmológica en el Servicio Nacional de Salud es un importante cuello de botella, que ejerce una enorme presión en la atención hospitalaria. La atención de un centro exclusivamente oftalmológico estaba desbordada antes de la pandemia y lo estará aún más después de esta. La exclusión de los optómetras de los equipos de atención oftalmológica diferenciados, multisectoriales y multidisciplinarios continúa siendo el principal obstáculo que debe superar y asegurar la atención oftalmológica universal en Portugal. El Servicio Nacional de Salud hace hincapié en las consecuencias de un modelo superado. La atención oftalmológica universal exige, más que nunca, un enfoque integral basado en la evidencia para abordar la atención primaria oftalmológica en la comunidad, puntual y de proximidad


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Sistemas de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Ocular , Assistência ao Paciente/normas , Portugal/epidemiologia
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