RESUMO
The objective of this study was to compare serum concentrations of the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in pigs on commercial line beginning and end of growing-finishing phase, correlating them with productive performance and quality characteristics of carcass and meat. Blood samples were collected from 48 animals at the beginning and end of growing-finishing phase by puncturing the jugular vein, around the same time (08:00 to 10:00a.m.). Measurements of serum thyroid hormones were made by enzyme-immunoassay. It was evaluated the performance and quality of carcass and meat. At the beginning and end of the housing, serum T3 concentrations were 1.85 and 1.32nmol L-1, respectively, and T4 of 100.33 and 86.53nmol L-1, respectively. There was negative correlation between T3 and low-end and average daily weight gain, final weight and backfat thickness. Inicial T4 was moderately and moderately negatively correlated with initial weight. The values of T3 and T4 in pigs early in the growing-finishing phase are larger than in termination. The thyroid hormones are associated with the initial and final weight, backfat thickness at the last lumbar, pH45min and pH24h of growing-finishing pigs.
Objetivou-se neste estudo comparar as concentrações séricas de triiodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4) em suínos de linhagem comercial no início e término da fase de crescimento-terminação, correlacionando-os com o desempenho produtivo, características de qualidade de carcaça e da carne. As amostras sanguíneas de 48 animais foram coletadas no início e no final da fase de crescimento-terminação por punção da veia jugular externa, sempre no mesmo horário (8-10h). As determinações séricas dos hormônios tireoideanos foram feitas por enzimaimunoensaio. Foram feitas avaliações de desempenho e de qualidade de carcaça e de carne. No início e final do alojamento, as concentrações séricas de T3 foram de 1,85 e 1,32nmol L-1, respectivamente, e para T4 de 100,33 e 86,53nmol L-1, respectivamente. Houve correlação negativa e baixa entre T3 final e ganho de peso médio diário, peso final e espessura de toucinho. T4 inicial correlacionou-se negativamente e moderadamente com peso inicial. Os valores de T3 e de T4 em suínos no início da fase de crescimento-terminação são maiores que na terminação. Os hormônios tireoideanos estão associados com o peso inicial e final, espessura de toucinho na última lombar, pH45min e pH24h de suínos em crescimento-terminação.
RESUMO
Background: In tropical and subtropical regions, temperature values above thermoneutrality for pigs are often experienced and lactating sows maintained outside the thermal comfort zone might have their performance compromised. The use of ventilation or evaporative cooling to maintain animal thermoregulation might be alternatives to minimise animal production losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different systems for the control of environmental temperature on the productivity of sows and their litters. Materials, Methods & Results: Three systems of environmental temperature control were evaluated: air-conditioned: AC (n = 79), with farrowing facility temperature controlled by a system of evaporative cooling pads combined with negative pressure ventilation; snout cooler: SC (n = 82), with a cold air outlet directed toward sows, combined with management of curtains; and management of curtains: MC (n = 83). Piglet weight was recorded at cross-fostering, and at 14 and 20 days of age. Temperature (TEMP) and relative humidity (RH) were measured daily at five time points (8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 and 16:00 h). The variables concerning the sows were analysed with the MIXED procedure of SAS, including the fixed effect of system and random effects of period and period × system interaction. The weight of piglets, TEMP and RH inside the farrowing
Background: In tropical and subtropical regions, temperature values above thermoneutrality for pigs are often experienced and lactating sows maintained outside the thermal comfort zone might have their performance compromised. The use of ventilation or evaporative cooling to maintain animal thermoregulation might be alternatives to minimise animal production losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different systems for the control of environmental temperature on the productivity of sows and their litters. Materials, Methods & Results: Three systems of environmental temperature control were evaluated: air-conditioned: AC (n = 79), with farrowing facility temperature controlled by a system of evaporative cooling pads combined with negative pressure ventilation; snout cooler: SC (n = 82), with a cold air outlet directed toward sows, combined with management of curtains; and management of curtains: MC (n = 83). Piglet weight was recorded at cross-fostering, and at 14 and 20 days of age. Temperature (TEMP) and relative humidity (RH) were measured daily at five time points (8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 and 16:00 h). The variables concerning the sows were analysed with the MIXED procedure of SAS, including the fixed effect of system and random effects of period and period × system interaction. The weight of piglets, TEMP and RH inside the farrowing
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to compare serum concentrations of the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in pigs on commercial line beginning and end of growing-finishing phase, correlating them with productive performance and quality characteristics of carcass and meat. Blood samples were collected from 48 animals at the beginning and end of growing-finishing phase by puncturing the jugular vein, around the same time (08:00 to 10:00a.m.). Measurements of serum thyroid hormones were made by enzyme-immunoassay. It was evaluated the performance and quality of carcass and meat. At the beginning and end of the housing, serum T3 concentrations were 1.85 and 1.32nmol L-1, respectively, and T4 of 100.33 and 86.53nmol L-1, respectively. There was negative correlation between T3 and low-end and average daily weight gain, final weight and backfat thickness. Inicial T4 was moderately and moderately negatively correlated with initial weight. The values of T3 and T4 in pigs early in the growing-finishing phase are larger than in termination. The thyroid hormones are associated with the initial and final weight, backfat thickness at the last lumbar, pH45min and pH24h of growing-finishing pigs.
Objetivou-se neste estudo comparar as concentrações séricas de triiodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4) em suínos de linhagem comercial no início e término da fase de crescimento-terminação, correlacionando-os com o desempenho produtivo, características de qualidade de carcaça e da carne. As amostras sanguíneas de 48 animais foram coletadas no início e no final da fase de crescimento-terminação por punção da veia jugular externa, sempre no mesmo horário (8-10h). As determinações séricas dos hormônios tireoideanos foram feitas por enzimaimunoensaio. Foram feitas avaliações de desempenho e de qualidade de carcaça e de carne. No início e final do alojamento, as concentrações séricas de T3 foram de 1,85 e 1,32nmol L-1, respectivamente, e para T4 de 100,33 e 86,53nmol L-1, respectivamente. Houve correlação negativa e baixa entre T3 final e ganho de peso médio diário, peso final e espessura de toucinho. T4 inicial correlacionou-se negativamente e moderadamente com peso inicial. Os valores de T3 e de T4 em suínos no início da fase de crescimento-terminação são maiores que na terminação. Os hormônios tireoideanos estão associados com o peso inicial e final, espessura de toucinho na última lombar, pH45min e pH24h de suínos em crescimento-terminação.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to compare serum concentrations of the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in pigs on commercial line beginning and end of growing-finishing phase, correlating them with productive performance and quality characteristics of carcass and meat. Blood samples were collected from 48 animals at the beginning and end of growing-finishing phase by puncturing the jugular vein, around the same time (08:00 to 10:00a.m.). Measurements of serum thyroid hormones were made by enzyme-immunoassay. It was evaluated the performance and quality of carcass and meat. At the beginning and end of the housing, serum T3 concentrations were 1.85 and 1.32nmol L-1, respectively, and T4 of 100.33 and 86.53nmol L-1, respectively. There was negative correlation between T3 and low-end and average daily weight gain, final weight and backfat thickness. Inicial T4 was moderately and moderately negatively correlated with initial weight. The values of T3 and T4 in pigs early in the growing-finishing phase are larger than in termination. The thyroid hormones are associated with the initial and final weight, backfat thickness at the last lumbar, pH45min and pH24h of growing-finishing pigs.
Objetivou-se neste estudo comparar as concentrações séricas de triiodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4) em suínos de linhagem comercial no início e término da fase de crescimento-terminação, correlacionando-os com o desempenho produtivo, características de qualidade de carcaça e da carne. As amostras sanguíneas de 48 animais foram coletadas no início e no final da fase de crescimento-terminação por punção da veia jugular externa, sempre no mesmo horário (8-10h). As determinações séricas dos hormônios tireoideanos foram feitas por enzimaimunoensaio. Foram feitas avaliações de desempenho e de qualidade de carcaça e de carne. No início e final do alojamento, as concentrações séricas de T3 foram de 1,85 e 1,32nmol L-1, respectivamente, e para T4 de 100,33 e 86,53nmol L-1, respectivamente. Houve correlação negativa e baixa entre T3 final e ganho de peso médio diário, peso final e espessura de toucinho. T4 inicial correlacionou-se negativamente e moderadamente com peso inicial. Os valores de T3 e de T4 em suínos no início da fase de crescimento-terminação são maiores que na terminação. Os hormônios tireoideanos estão associados com o peso inicial e final, espessura de toucinho na última lombar, pH45min e pH24h de suínos em crescimento-terminação.
RESUMO
Background: In tropical and subtropical regions, temperature values above thermoneutrality for pigs are often experienced and lactating sows maintained outside the thermal comfort zone might have their performance compromised. The use of ventilation or evaporative cooling to maintain animal thermoregulation might be alternatives to minimise animal production losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different systems for the control of environmental temperature on the productivity of sows and their litters. Materials, Methods & Results: Three systems of environmental temperature control were evaluated: air-conditioned: AC (n = 79), with farrowing facility temperature controlled by a system of evaporative cooling pads combined with negative pressure ventilation; snout cooler: SC (n = 82), with a cold air outlet directed toward sows, combined with management of curtains; and management of curtains: MC (n = 83). Piglet weight was recorded at cross-fostering, and at 14 and 20 days of age. Temperature (TEMP) and relative humidity (RH) were measured daily at five time points (8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 and 16:00 h). The variables concerning the sows were analysed with the MIXED procedure of SAS, including the fixed effect of system and random effects of period and period × system interaction. The weight of piglets, TEMP and RH inside the farrowing
Background: In tropical and subtropical regions, temperature values above thermoneutrality for pigs are often experienced and lactating sows maintained outside the thermal comfort zone might have their performance compromised. The use of ventilation or evaporative cooling to maintain animal thermoregulation might be alternatives to minimise animal production losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different systems for the control of environmental temperature on the productivity of sows and their litters. Materials, Methods & Results: Three systems of environmental temperature control were evaluated: air-conditioned: AC (n = 79), with farrowing facility temperature controlled by a system of evaporative cooling pads combined with negative pressure ventilation; snout cooler: SC (n = 82), with a cold air outlet directed toward sows, combined with management of curtains; and management of curtains: MC (n = 83). Piglet weight was recorded at cross-fostering, and at 14 and 20 days of age. Temperature (TEMP) and relative humidity (RH) were measured daily at five time points (8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 and 16:00 h). The variables concerning the sows were analysed with the MIXED procedure of SAS, including the fixed effect of system and random effects of period and period × system interaction. The weight of piglets, TEMP and RH inside the farrowing