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1.
Pathol Res Pract ; 260: 155412, 2024 Jun 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38889493

RESUMO

According to findings, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serves an integral part in growth and development of a variety of human malignancies, including Hepatoblastoma (HB). HB is a rare kind of carcinoma of the liver that mostly affects kids and babies under the age of three. Its manifestations include digestive swelling, abdominal discomfort, and losing weight. This thorough investigation digs into the many roles that lncRNAs serve in HB, giving views into their varied activities as well as possible therapeutic consequences. The function of lncRNAs in HB cell proliferation, apoptosis, migratory and penetrating capacities, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and therapy tolerance is discussed. Various lncRNA regulatory roles are investigated in depth, yielding information on their effect on essential cell processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, immunity, and growth. Circulating lncRNAs are currently acknowledged as potential indications for the initial stages of identification of cancer, with the ability to diagnose as well as forecast. In addition to their diagnostic utility, lncRNAs provide curative opportunities as locations and actors, contributing to the expanding landscape of cancer research. Several HB-linked lncRNAs have been demonstrated to exhibit abnormal expression and are involved in tumor-like characteristics via DNA, RNA, or protein binding or encoding short peptides. As a result, a better knowledge of lncRNA instability might bring fresh perspectives into HB etiology as well as innovative strategies for HB early diagnosis and therapy. We describe the abnormalities of lncRNA expression in HB and their tumor-suppressive or carcinogenic activities during HB carcinogenesis in this study. Furthermore, we explore lncRNAs' diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in HB.

2.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 28(9): 3303-3312, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38766788

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess whether individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit a higher prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) compared to those without ADHD through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search strategy using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) vocabulary was employed for a comprehensive search across various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The Joanna Briggs Institute Summary was utilized for data collection. Additionally, quality assessment, meta-analysis, and bias control were conducted to ensure the reliability of the included studies. A meta-analysis was performed to consolidate the findings of the individual studies. RESULTS: The prevalence of TDIs among individuals with ADHD ranged from 9.6% to 68.2%, while in the healthy control group, it ranged from 0.8% to 44.7%. The meta-analysis findings revealed that individuals with ADHD had 1.98 times higher odds (OR = 1.98, ranging from 1.51 to 2.59 with 95% CI) of experiencing TDIs compared to individuals without ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest a significant association between ADHD and an increased risk of TDIs. Individuals with ADHD were found to be nearly twice as likely to experience TDIs compared to those without ADHD. Efforts should not only be directed towards improving the oral health of this vulnerable group of individuals, but also healthcare practitioners need to be provided with opportunities to create awareness and implement preventive measures to mitigate the risk of TDIs among individuals with ADHD.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Traumatismos Dentários , Humanos , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologia
3.
Pathol Res Pract ; 255: 155179, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38320439

RESUMO

Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be a major health concern worldwide, with its resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy presenting major hurdles in successful treatment. While patients with localized prostate cancer generally have a good survival rate, those with metastatic prostate cancer often face a grim prognosis, even with aggressive treatments using various methods. The high mortality rate in severe cases is largely due to the lack of treatment options that can offer lasting results, especially considering the significant genetic diversity found in tumors at the genomic level. This comprehensive review examines the intricate molecular mechanisms governing resistance in PCa, emphasising the pivotal contributions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). We delve into the diverse roles of microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and other non-coding elements as critical regulators of key cellular processes involved in CR & RR. The review emphasizes the diagnostic potential of ncRNAs as predictive biomarkers for treatment response, offering insights into patient stratification and personalized therapeutic approaches. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic implications of targeting ncRNAs to overcome CR & RR, highlighting innovative strategies to restore treatment sensitivity. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review not only provides a comprehension of the chemical basis of resistance in PCa but also identifies gaps in knowledge, paving the way for future research directions. Ultimately, this exploration of ncRNA perspectives offers a roadmap for advancing precision medicine in PCa, potentially transforming therapeutic paradigms and improving outcomes for patients facing the challenges of treatment resistance.


Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Neoplasias da Próstata , RNA Longo não Codificante , Masculino , Humanos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , RNA não Traduzido/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico
4.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 66(3): 556-559, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37530338

RESUMO

Background: The most accepted definition of regulatory T cells (Tregs) relies on the expression of several biomarkers, including CD4, CD25, and transcription factor, Foxp3. The Tregs maintain tolerance to self-antigens and prevent autoimmune diseases. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in natural Treg levels in Entamoeba histolytica, Schistosoma mansoni, Giardia lamblia, Enterobius vermicularis, and Hymenolepis nana infected patients. Setting and Design: Fifty-one pediatric subjects (29 males and 22 females) were recruited from a tertiary care hospital, and were divided into infected and non-infected (control) groups. The mean age of the subjects was 8.7 years. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from infected and non-infected groups, and change in the level of Tregs in these subjects was investigated by flow cytometry. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis of data was performed by SPSS software. Quantitative data used in this study included mean and standard deviation. Data from the two groups were compared by the Student's t-test. The age of the patient and infection status were used for multivariate logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated within a 95% confidence interval, and a P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results and Conclusions: The levels of natural regulatory T cells, indicated by the biomarkers, CD4+, CD25+, and Foxp3+, increase significantly in patients infected by Entamoeba histolytica, Schistosoma mansoni, Giardia lamblia, Enterobius vermicularis, and Hymenolepis nana as compared to controls. They also increase in cases of mixed infection as compared to infection by a single parasite.


Assuntos
Doenças Parasitárias , Linfócitos T Reguladores , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Citometria de Fluxo , Doenças Parasitárias/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo
5.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 27(13): 6040-6045, 2023 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37458645

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Urinary incontinence is defined as involuntary loss of urine, a common health condition that is more frequent in women. It disturbs the affected individuals and interferes with their daily activities. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of urinary incontinence among Saudi women in the western area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used for this study. A survey was administered to Saudi women in the western area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ranging in age from 18 to 70 years. The data were collected using the Arabic version of the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were generated by calculating numbers and percentages of information on the prevalence of incontinence in women. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 44.2%, with the urge type being the most reported. Stress urinary incontinence was reported by 155 women (15.4%), urgency urinary incontinence by 257 women (25.6%), and mixed urinary incontinence by 102 women (10.15%). CONCLUSIONS: Urinary incontinence is prevalent in women in Western Saudi Arabia. Age, multiparty obesity, and vaginal surgery are significant risk factors influencing its occurrence.


Assuntos
Incontinência Urinária por Estresse , Incontinência Urinária , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Incontinência Urinária/epidemiologia , Incontinência Urinária de Urgência/epidemiologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
Niger J Clin Pract ; 26(6): 701-708, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37470642

RESUMO

Background: Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has emerged as a new thermoplastic material with potential applications as a restorative material. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the marginal adaptation of PEEK copings compared to zirconia copings using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: A freshly extracted maxillary central incisor was prepared for a full-coverage restoration following standard principles of tooth preparation. The tooth was sent to a laboratory for fabrication of samples using computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Twenty samples of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) copings (group A) and 20 of zirconia copings were fabricated (group B). The copings were scanned under a field emission scanning electron microscope and measurements were taken at four distinct points. The marginal adaptation over the buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal margins for both groups was evaluated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t test were applied. Results: Our findings indicate that PEEK showed better marginal adaptation than zirconia at all measurement points. The mean marginal gap value of the PEEK group was 33.99 ± 8.81 µm and of the zirconia group was 56.21 ± 15.07 µm. On comparing marginal adaptation among the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual aspects, PEEK showed better adaptation on all four margins, with the best adaptation on the buccal margin that had the lowest mean gap value of 29.27 ± 6.07 µm. The zirconia group adapted best at the distal margin, with a lowest mean gap value of 53.58 ± 15.25 µm (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: PEEK copings had better marginal adaptation and fit compared to zirconia copings. It may have applications as a restorative material in fixed prostheses.


Assuntos
Desenho Assistido por Computador , Polietilenoglicóis , Humanos , Cetonas , Zircônio , Adaptação Psicológica , Éteres
7.
Diagnostics (Basel) ; 13(6)2023 Mar 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36980483

RESUMO

Lung cancer starts and spreads in the tissues of the lungs, more specifically, in the tissue that forms air passages. This cancer is reported as the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. In addition to being the most fatal, it is the most common type of cancer. Nearly 47,000 patients are diagnosed with it annually worldwide. This article proposes a fully automated and practical system to identify and classify lung cancer. This system aims to detect cancer in its early stage to save lives if possible or reduce the death rates. It involves a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) technique, VGG-19, and another deep learning technique, long short-term memory networks (LSTMs). Both tools detect and classify lung cancers after being customized and integrated. Furthermore, image segmentation techniques are applied. This system is a type of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). After several experiments on MATLAB were conducted, the results show that this system achieves more than 98.8% accuracy when using both tools together. Various schemes were developed to evaluate the considered disease. Three lung cancer datasets, downloaded from the Kaggle website and the LUNA16 grad challenge, were used to train the algorithm, test it, and prove its correctness. Lastly, a comparative evaluation between the proposed approach and some works from the literature is presented. This evaluation focuses on the four performance metrics: accuracy, recall, precision, and F-score. This system achieved an average of 99.42% accuracy and 99.76, 99.88, and 99.82% for recall, precision, and F-score, respectively, when VGG-19 was combined with LSTMs. In addition, the results of the comparison evaluation show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other methods and produces exquisite findings. This study concludes that this model can be deployed to aid and support physicians in diagnosing lung cancer correctly and accurately. This research reveals that the presented method has functionality, competence, and value among other implemented models.

8.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 27(2): 459-466, 2023 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36734698

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: In the hospital setting, long waiting times and the lengthy formal process have increased the inefficiency and mismanagement resulting in the missing chance of saving the patients' life. Our aim was to assess the time wastage of every patient coming from reception to the actual emergency unit, to analyze the factor associated with the time lapse that occurs during every visit, and to see the effect of training on the services provided in the Pediatric emergency room. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: An intervention study was carried out in the following secondary care hospital in the Al Jouf region, Saudi Arabia: Esawiyah Hospital, Haditha Hospital, King Faisal Hospital, and Gurayat General Hospital among 400 study participants for 12 months. The study was carried out in 2 phases: pre-training, a period of training for hospital staff, and post-training data collection. Templates were generated on an MS Excel sheet and analysis of data was done using SPSS software. Percentages and proportions were calculated for descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Male and female patients were in the ratio of nearly 1:1. Training has significantly reduced the time to doctor consultation (U = 188, p < 0.001), and the time difference pre- and post-training from triage to consultation in a pediatric emergency is not significant (U = 16,769, p = 0.01). There is a strongly significant association (p < 0.001) between Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) implementation in triage. The practice of giving intravenous (IV) antibiotics in the emergency room has reduced significantly (p < 0.001) post-training. CONCLUSIONS: Training has a significant impact on the services provided in the pediatric emergency room.


Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Triagem , Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Feminino , Arábia Saudita , Estudos de Tempo e Movimento , Canadá , Hospitais
9.
Microorganisms ; 11(1)2023 Jan 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36677520

RESUMO

Leishmania tropica is a tropical parasite causing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in humans. Leishmaniasis is a serious public health threat, affecting an estimated 350 million people in 98 countries. The global rise in antileishmanial drug resistance has triggered the need to explore novel therapeutic strategies against this parasite. In the present study, we utilized the recently available multidrug resistant L. tropica strain proteome data repository to identify alternative therapeutic drug targets based on comparative subtractive proteomic and druggability analyses. Additionally, small drug-like compounds were scanned against novel targets based on virtual screening and ADME profiling. The analysis unveiled 496 essential cellular proteins of L. tropica that were nonhomologous to the human proteome set. The druggability analyses prioritized nine parasite-specific druggable proteins essential for the parasite's basic cellular survival, growth, and virulence. These prioritized proteins were identified to have appropriate binding pockets to anchor small drug-like compounds. Among these, UDPase and PCNA were prioritized as the top-ranked druggable proteins. The pharmacophore-based virtual screening and ADME profiling predicted MolPort-000-730-162 and MolPort-020-232-354 as the top hit drug-like compounds from the Pharmit resource to inhibit L. tropica UDPase and PCNA, respectively. The alternative drug targets and drug-like molecules predicted in the current study lay the groundwork for developing novel antileishmanial therapies.

10.
RSC Adv ; 12(51): 33215-33228, 2022 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36425212

RESUMO

Herein, we report poly(N-isopropylacrylamide/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) microgel fabricated with silver nanoparticles. The identification of copolymerization and functional groups in the bare microgel and those fabricated with silver nanoparticles was examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The pH and temperature sensitivity of microgels was studied using dynamic light scattering. Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out to study the thermal stability. X-Ray diffraction patterns indicated the amorphous nature of bare microgel and crystalline nature of those containing silver nanoparticles. A bathochromic shift was found in the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles present in microgel with increase in pH of the medium. Moreover, the microgel containing silver nanoparticles served as an effective catalyst for reducing the toxic nitroaromatic pollutants and carcinogenic dyes. The microgel containing silver nanoparticles also showed good capability to serve as biosensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide.

11.
Diagnostics (Basel) ; 12(11)2022 Nov 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36428924

RESUMO

Breast cancer is considered one of the deadliest diseases in women. Due to the risk and threat it poses, the world has agreed to hold a breast cancer awareness day in October, encouraging women to perform mammogram inspections. This inspection may prevent breast-cancer-related deaths or reduce the death rate. The identification and classification of breast cancer are challenging tasks. The most commonly known procedure of breast cancer detection is performed by using mammographic images. Recently implemented algorithms suffer from generating accuracy below expectations, and their computational complexity is high. To resolve these issues, this paper proposes a fully automated biomedical diagnosis system of breast cancer using an AlexNet, a type of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and multiple classifiers to identify and classify breast cancer. This system utilizes a neuro-fuzzy method, a segmentation algorithm, and various classifiers to reach a higher accuracy than other systems have achieved. Numerous features are extracted to detect and categorize breast cancer. Three datasets from Kaggle were tested to validate the proposed system. The performance evaluation is performed with quantitative and qualitative accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F-score. In addition, a comparative assessment is performed between the proposed system and some works of literature. This assessment shows that the presented algorithm provides better classification results and outperforms other systems in all parameters. Its average accuracy is over 98.6%, while other metrics are more than 98%. This research indicates that this approach can be applied to assist doctors in diagnosing breast cancer correctly.

12.
Biomedicines ; 10(11)2022 Nov 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36359317

RESUMO

Heart disease is one of the key contributors to human death. Each year, several people die due to this disease. According to the WHO, 17.9 million people die each year due to heart disease. With the various technologies and techniques developed for heart-disease detection, the use of image classification can further improve the results. Image classification is a significant matter of concern in modern times. It is one of the most basic jobs in pattern identification and computer vision, and refers to assigning one or more labels to images. Pattern identification from images has become easier by using machine learning, and deep learning has rendered it more precise than traditional image classification methods. This study aims to use a deep-learning approach using image classification for heart-disease detection. A deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is currently the most popular classification technique for image recognition. The proposed model is evaluated on the public UCI heart-disease dataset comprising 1050 patients and 14 attributes. By gathering a set of directly obtainable features from the heart-disease dataset, we considered this feature vector to be input for a DCNN to discriminate whether an instance belongs to a healthy or cardiac disease class. To assess the performance of the proposed method, different performance metrics, namely, accuracy, precision, recall, and the F1 measure, were employed, and our model achieved validation accuracy of 91.7%. The experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in a real-world environment.

13.
J Trop Pediatr ; 68(6)2022 10 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36228309

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Short birth intervals (SBIs) and long birth intervals (LBIs) have been shown to have serious implications for health of both mothers and their children. This study was aimed to investigate the determinants and reproductive outcome of SBI and LBI in a multiethnic Pakistani population. METHODS: In a cross-sectional prospective study design, 2798 women admitted in a tertiary-care hospital in Islamabad for delivery were recruited and data on second or higher birth order deliveries were collected. Birth intervals were defined as short (<24 months) and long (>36 months). The reproductive outcome was defined in terms of perinatal and neonatal mortalities, and neonatal complications. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Pregnancies with SBI and LBI were observed in 20% and 24% of 2798 women, respectively. Women with SBI had increased odds of perinatal death [adjusted odd ratio (AOR): 1.50] and neonatal death (AOR: 1.47) as compared to women with optimal birth intervals, while women with LBI had slightly lower odds of perinatal deaths (AOR: 0.96), but increased odds of neonatal deaths (AOR: 1.12). Further, the pregnancies with both SBI and LBI were associated with increased odds of short body length, low birth weight, small head circumference and low APGAR score. CONCLUSION: Nearly half of all pregnancies do not have optimal birth spacing albeit there is wide heterogeneity in the distribution of BI in various Pakistani ethnicities. Pregnancies with SBI and LBI had high risk of adverse reproductive outcome. Intervention programs for maternal and child health need to emphasize optimal birth spacing.


Birth interval (BI) or interpregnancy interval is the length of time between a birth and conception of the next pregnancy. Short birth intervals (SBIs) as well as long birth intervals (LBIs) have been shown to have serious implications for health of both mothers and their children. WHO recommendation for optimal spacing between 3 and 5 years. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of SBI and LBI on pregnancy outcome in the Pakistani population. A total of 2798 pregnant women admitted in a tertiary-care hospital in Islamabad for delivery were recruited and data on BI and pregnancy outcomes, i.e. perinatal and neonatal mortalities, and neonatal complications, were obtained. Results revealed that pregnancies with SBI and LBI were 20% and 24% of the total pregnancies, respectively. Women with SBI had higher likelihood of perinatal and neonatal death as compared to women with optimal birth intervals. Similarly, the women with LBI had higher likelihood of neonatal deaths. Furthermore, the pregnancies with both SBI and LBI were associated neonatal complications like short body length, low birth weight, small head circumference and low APGAR score. In conclusion, nearly half of all pregnancies do not have optimal birth spacing. Intervention programs for maternal and child health need to emphasize optimal birth spacing.


Assuntos
Intervalo entre Nascimentos , Morte Perinatal , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Mortalidade Infantil , Recém-Nascido , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos
14.
J Infect Public Health ; 15(11): 1225-1233, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36265330

RESUMO

Selenium is an indispensable trace element for all living organisms. It is an essential structural component of several selenium-dependent enzymes, which support the human body's defense mechanism. Recently, the significance of selenium in preventing/treating COVID-19 has been documented in the literature. This review highlights the clinical studies, compositions, and patent literature on selenium to prevent/treat COVID-19. Selenium exerts its anti-COVID-19 action by reducing oxidative stress, declining the expression of the ACE-2 receptor, lowering the discharge of pro-inflammatory substances, and inhibiting the 3CLPro (main protease) and PLpro enzyme of SARS-CoV-2. The data of clinical studies, inventive compositions, and patent literature revealed that selenium monotherapy and its compositions with other nutritional supplements/drugs (vitamin, iron, zinc, copper, ferulic acid, resveratrol, spirulina, N-acetylcysteine, fish oil, many herbs, doxycycline, azithromycin, curcumin, quercetin, etc.,) might be practical to prevent/treat COVID-19. The studies have also suggested a correlation between COVID-19 and selenium deficiency. This indicates that adequate selenium supplementation may provide promising treatment outcomes in COVID-19 patients. The authors foresee the development and commercialization of Selenium-based compositions and dosage forms (spray, inhalers, control release dosage forms, etc.) to battle COVID-19. We also trust that numerous selenium-based compositions are yet to be explored. Accordingly, there is good scope for scientists to work on developing novel and inventive selenium-based compositions to fight against COVID-19. However, there is also a need to consider the narrow therapeutic window and chemical interaction of selenium before developing selenium-based compositions.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Selênio , Humanos , Selênio/uso terapêutico , SARS-CoV-2 , Vitaminas , Suplementos Nutricionais
15.
J Infect Public Health ; 15(10): 1097-1107, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36122509

RESUMO

Decaprenyl-phosphoryl-ribose 2'-epimerase (DprE1) inhibitors are an innovative and futuristic orally active group of antituberculosis agents. A few DprE1 inhibitors are in the clinical trial for tuberculosis (TB), including macozinone. This review highlights the discovery, developmental status, clinical studies, patents, and prospects of macozinone (MCZ). The patent and non-patent literature search was done by entering keywords such as macozinone; MCZ; PBTZ169; PBTZ-169 in Pubmed, Espacenet, Patentscope, and the USPTO databases. However, data on Sci-Finder was searched using CAS registry number: 1377239-83-2. MCZ clinical trial studies were retrieved from the clinicaltrials.gov database using the exact keywords. The chemical structure of MCZ was disclosed in 2009. Accordingly, patents/patent applications published from 2009 to June 12, 2022, have been discussed herein. MCZ and MCZ hydrochloride salt patents were granted in 2014 and 2019, respectively, in the USA. The patent literature and the clinical trial studies suggest capsule, tablet, and suspension formulations of crystalline MCZ and its hydrochloride salt as the possible and prospective dosage forms to treat TB. Some combinations of MCZ with other drugs (chloroquine, telacebec, tafenoquine, TBI-166, and sanfetrinem) with improved anti-TB efficacy have been documented. Based on the literature covered in this review article on the clinical studies and patents applied/granted to MCZ, it can be inferred that MCZ seems to be a promising DprE1 inhibitor and could help to tackle the emerging dilemma of drug-resistant either as a monotherapy or in combination with additional anti-TB agents. Furthermore, the authors anticipate the development of new combinations, salts, and polymorphs of MCZ as anti-TB agents shortly. This review article might prove beneficial to the scientific community as it summarizes chemistry, pharmacology and provides an update on the clinical studies and patents/patent applications of one of the emerging anti-TB drugs in one place.


Assuntos
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose/microbiologia , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos
16.
Br J Biomed Sci ; 79: 10208, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35996504

RESUMO

Background: There are isolated reports of mutations in genes for isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1 and IDH2), but few have been examined in a large number of different malignancies. We aimed to analyze mutational prevalence of these genes in a large series of cancers and determine their significance in most mutated phenotype. Methods: We analyzed the frequencies of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in 14,726 malignancies of 37 cancers. Furthermore, we examined these mutations in the most frequent cancer (gliomas, 923 cases) from a single cohort, and determined their clinical significance. Results: IDH1 mutations were present in 3% (473/14,726) of cancers. The highest frequencies were in oligodendrogliomas (91/102, 89%), anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (40/46, 87%), and diffuse astrocytomas (89/116, 77%). IDH2 mutation was detected in <1% (83/14,726) of cancers, but were present in 13% (6/46) of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 9% (9/102) of oligodendrogliomas, and in 5% (2/39) of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. Further analyses of 923 gliomas revealed 34 and 1% of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations, respectively. In up to 342 months of follow-up, IDH1 and IDH2 mutations were significantly linked with better overall (OS) (both p = 0.01) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.01; p = 0.004), respectively. Conclusion: IDH1 and IDH2 are often mutated in a tissue-specific manner, most commonly in gliomas. Mutation in both genes is linked to OS and PFS. Our findings suggest that these genes are promising therapeutic targets and strong prognostic biomarkers in gliomas.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioma , Isocitrato Desidrogenase , Oligodendroglioma , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Glioma/genética , Glioma/patologia , Humanos , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/genética , Mutação , Oligodendroglioma/genética , Oligodendroglioma/patologia , Prognóstico
17.
Plants (Basel) ; 11(12)2022 Jun 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35736695

RESUMO

Devrra triradiata Hochst. ex Boiss is an occasional plant species in the Northern region of Saudi Arabia. The shrub is favored on sandy desert wadis, gypsaceous substrate, and sandy gravel desert. In folk medicine, the plant is used for many purposes; to relieve stomach pains, against intestinal parasites, and for the regulation of menstruation. The present study describes the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of different plant parts of D. triradiata. In vivo and in vitro biological activities of plant extracts and essential oils were also studied. Phenylpropanoids, elemicin (flowers: 100%), dillapiole (Stems: 82.33%; and seeds: 82.61%), and apiol (roots: 72.16%) were identified as the major compounds. The highest antioxidant activity was recorded for the EOs of roots and stems (IC50 = 0.282 µg/mL and 0.706 µg/mL, respectively). For plant extracts, ethyl acetate showed the highest antioxidant activities (IC50 = 2.47 and 3.18 µg/mL). EOs showed high antifungal activity against yeasts with low azole susceptibilities (i.e., Malassezia spp. and Candida krusei). The MIC values of EOs ranged between 3.4 mg/mL and 56.4 mg/mL. The obtained results also showed phytotoxic potential of plant extracts both on the germination features of Triticum aestivum seeds and the vegetative growth of seedlings.

18.
Molecules ; 27(9)2022 Apr 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35566101

RESUMO

COVID-19 has had an impact on human quality of life and economics. Scientists have been identifying remedies for its prevention and treatment from all possible sources, including plants. Nigella sativa L. (NS) is an important medicinal plant of Islamic value. This review highlights the anti-COVID-19 potential, clinical trials, inventions, and patent literature related to NS and its major chemical constituents, like thymoquinone. The literature was collected from different databases, including Pubmed, Espacenet, and Patentscope. The literature supports the efficacy of NS, NS oil (NSO), and its chemical constituents against COVID-19. The clinical data imply that NS and NSO can prevent and treat COVID-19 patients with a faster recovery rate. Several inventions comprising NS and NSO have been claimed in patent applications to prevent/treat COVID-19. The patent literature cites NS as an immunomodulator, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, a source of anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds, and a plant having protective effects on the lungs. The available facts indicate that NS, NSO, and its various compositions have all the attributes to be used as a promising remedy to prevent, manage, and treat COVID-19 among high-risk people as well as for the therapy of COVID-19 patients of all age groups as a monotherapy or a combination therapy. Many compositions of NS in combination with countless medicinal herbs and medicines are still unexplored. Accordingly, the authors foresee a bright scope in developing NS-based anti-COVID-19 composition for clinical use in the future.


Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Nigella sativa , Plantas Medicinais , Humanos , Invenções , Nigella sativa/química , Qualidade de Vida , SARS-CoV-2
19.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 26(7): 2489-2500, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35442464

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) represents the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. On the other hand, Bone Morphogenetic Protein signaling pathway (BMP/Smad) is one of the most interesting prophylactic targets, since inhibition of this pathway may preserve kidney functions. Therefore, a BMP pharmacological inhibitor, Dorsomorphin Homolog 1 (DMH1) was used to assess the potential nephroprotective effect in an animal model of DN. MATERIALS AND METHODS: STZ-induced diabetic rat was the selected model to assess the nephroprotective effect of DMH1(5 mg/kg) for eight weeks. Rats were divided into normal control (C=10), diabetic control (DC=10), diabetic+vehicle (DV=10) and diabetic DMH1-treated rats (DT=10). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was measured on a weekly basis. Then, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum Creatinine (sCr), Cystatin-C (Cys-C) and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) were measured by the end of the experiment. Furthermore, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in kidney tissues. The histopathological study was also performed using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome stains. RESULTS: DMH1 treatment has significantly reduced HbA1c along with sCr, Cys-C and BUN vs. the diabetic non-treated groups (p < 0.001). Furthermore, TNF-α, IL-6 and MDA levels were also significantly decreased in the DT group compared to the diabetic non-treated groups (p < 0.001). This improvement was further confirmed and found in correspondence with histopathological findings. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings revealed a nephroprotective activity of DMH1 against STZ-induced DN in rats. DMH1 also showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which may explain part of the nephroprotective mechanism. This can shed light on the importance of DMH1 and BMP/Smad pathway for further experimental studies.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Nefropatias Diabéticas , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Nefropatias Diabéticas/tratamento farmacológico , Nefropatias Diabéticas/metabolismo , Nefropatias Diabéticas/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Masculino , Pirazóis , Pirimidinas , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
20.
Nutrients ; 14(6)2022 Mar 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35334884

RESUMO

Zinc is an essential nutrient for human health; it is involved in the catalytic, structural, and regulatory functions of the human cellular system. Different compositions of zinc, as well as its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are available on the market. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of zinc in combating COVID-19. It has been determined that zinc prevents the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells by lowering the expression of ACE-2 receptors and inhibiting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2. Zinc also prevents the cytokine storm that takes place after the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cell, via its anti-inflammatory activity. The authors believe that no study has yet been published that has reviewed the trends, inventions, and patent literature of zinc compositions to treat/prevent COVID-19. Accordingly, this review has been written in order to fill this gap in the literature. The information about the clinical studies and the published patents/patent applications was retrieved from different databases. This review covers patent literature on zinc compositions up to 31 January 2022. Many important patents/patent applications for zinc-based compositions filed by innovative universities and industries were identified. The patent literature revealed zinc compositions in combination with zinc ionophores, antioxidants, antivirals, antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine, heparin, ivermectin, and copper. Most of these studies were supported by clinical trials. The patent literature supports the potential of zinc and its pharmaceutical compositions as possible treatments for COVID-19. The authors believe that countless zinc-based compositions are still unexplored, and there is an immense opportunity to evaluate a considerable number of the zinc-based compositions for use against COVID-19.


Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Invenções , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Preparações Farmacêuticas , SARS-CoV-2 , Zinco/uso terapêutico
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