A Comparison of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair and Open Repair for Ruptured Aortic Abdominal Aneurysms.

Management modalities of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) include ruptured open aneurysm repair (rOAR) and ruptured endovascular aneurysm repair (rEVAR). In this study, we aim to systematically review all the previously published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared rOAR and rEVAR. A systematic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Clinical trials, and others with all the potentially relevant keywords that were adjusted to meet the search strategy for each database to collect all the relevant studies that were published up to January 2021. A total of 11 studies were identified through our comprehensive search. Among these studies, seven represented the IMPROVE trial, two represented the AJAX trial, and two represented the Nottingham and ECAR trials, each, while the remaining four studies were not RCTs; however, these were included in the discussion as they obtained data from the IMPROVE trial. The IMPROVE trials preferred EVAR use due to the potential survival benefit and improved quality of life, although the EVAR and OAR had similar mortality rates. In the AJAX and ECAR, the mortality rates favored EVAR over OAR with no significance while the opposite was noticed in the Nottingham trial with no significance also. Similar rates of re-interventions and complications were also noticed and some studies reported that EVAR is cost-effective. Overall evidence slightly favors EVAR over OAR and further studies are needed.

The availability of services for children with autism spectrum disorder in a Saudi population.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the perceived availability of various services provided by Autism centers in our region. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted from March to May 2015 involving health care workers at various governmental and private autism centers in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A structured 30-item questionnaire was designed to assess their demographics, training, experience, and the availability of various services at their centers. RESULTS: Twelve autism centers were included and 136 employees participated in the study. Seventy-eight (57%) participants indicated that their center lacked important and essential services. These included programs for home care and outreach (59%), family recognition incentives and rewards (51%), integrative educational programs (39%), and occupational therapy (16%). Access for outside referral for these services was available in only 24% of cases. They cited several major obstacles in providing adequate service including; family involvement (24%), child`s behavioral problems (13%), increased number of students (9%), and work environment and space (5%). CONCLUSION: Significant deficiencies exist in the availability of autism services in our region. Access for referrals for important services is also limited. We identified several areas that can be targeted to help develop, promote, and improve the provided services for children with autism spectrum disorder.