Aerobic exercise training prevents kidney lipid deposition in mice fed a cafeteria diet.

AIM: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of aerobic exercise training (AET) to prevent kidney lipid accumulation and the contribution of renal metabolism to mediate this response. MAIN METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned into groups CHOW-SED (chow diet, sedentary; n = 13), CHOW-TR (chow diet, trained; n = 13), CAF-SED (cafeteria diet, sedentary; n = 13) and CAF-TR (cafeteria diet, trained; n = 13). AET consisted in running sessions of 60 min at 60% of maximal speed conducted five days per week for eight weeks. KEY FINDINGS: AET prevented weight gain in both trained groups. Food intake was not different among groups, however water intake, urine output, urine potassium and osmolarity were reduced in CAF-SED and CAF-TR groups. Kidney lipid deposition increased in CAF-SED (4.12 ±â€¯0.5%/area) compared with CHOW-SED (1.7 ±â€¯0.54%/area), and the AET prevented this increase in the CAF-TR group (2.1 ±â€¯0.5%/area). The Bowman's capsule area decreased in CAF-SED and CAF-TR groups while the Bowman' space reduced in CAF-SED compared to CHOW-SED group, which was prevented by AET in the CAF-TF group. We observed a 27% increase in the p-AMPK expression in CAF-TR compared to CHOW-SED group without differences in the SIRT-1, PGC1-α, ACC and p-ACC. ß-HAD activity increased in CAF-SED (43.9 ±â€¯4.57 nmol·min-1·ug-1) and CAF-TR (44.7 ±â€¯2.6 nmol·min-1·ug-1) groups compared to CHOW-SED (35.1 ±â€¯2.9 nmol·min-1·ug-1) e CHOW-TR (36.6 ±â€¯2.7 nmol·min-1·ug-1). SIGNIFICANCE: AET prevented kidney lipid accumulation induced by cafeteria diet and this response was not associated with changes in the renal metabolic activity that favors lipid oxidation.

Exposure to high-fat diet since post-weaning induces cardiometabolic damage in adult rats.

AIMS: This study sought to investigate the metabolic, hemodynamic and autonomic responses in adult rats exposed to high-fat diet since post-weaning. MAIN METHODS: Young male Wistar rats were assigned into groups fed with standard normal diet (3% lipids; ND, n=8) or high-fat diet (30% lipids; HD, n=8) during 8weeks. Body composition, food intake, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, insulin, leptin and adiponectin concentrations were determined. Hemodynamic and autonomic evaluations were performed. Renin angiotensin system and nitric oxide were also studied by pharmacological blockades. KEY FINDINGS: HD group showed no difference in body weight, total cholesterol, food intake in calories and insulin concentration, but visceral fat pads weight, triglycerides and leptin were higher in HD group. Moreover, HD group decreased adiponectin level, increased 12% of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and 6% of heart rate compared with ND group. Spectral analyses showed an increase in cardiovascular sympathetic modulation in HD compared with ND group. Depressor responses after losartan were higher in HD compared with ND group: -9±0.7 vs.-3±1.6mmHg. Pressor responses after l-NAME were higher in HD compared with ND: 45±8 vs. 32±5mmHg. SIGNIFICANCE: High-fat diet consumption during early period of life can increase WAT mass and MAP. These alterations may be mediated by an augment in sympathetic activity associated with higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels. These cardiometabolic damages can lead to the development of hypertension and increase cardiovascular risk in adulthood.