Determinación del tipo de anemia y su relación con la ingesta alimentaria y marcadores bioquímicos en pacientes con cáncer cérvico uterino / Determination of the type of anemia and its relationship to food consumption and biochemical markers in patients with cervical cancer

Introduction: Anemia is a syndrome frequently present in cancer patients and it effects their quality of life. In cervical cancer, anemia develops in most of the patients, without knowledge of its possible cause: transvaginal bleeding presents in advanced stages, or a diet low in iron and other micronutrients can also contribute to this phenomenon. Objective: To determine the type of anemia, serum levels of iron, ferrite, transferring, folic acid and vitamin B12 and relate them with dietary intake. Material and methods: We conducted a transversal study in 55 cervical cancer patients without neither active transvaginal bleeding nor oncologic treatment. A blood sample was taken in order to determine the biochemical markers from which we classified the type of anemia and serum micronutrient levels. Diet was evaluated using a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Results and conclusions: The most frequent type of anemia as normocytic norm chromic, which can be associated to the pathology per se. Patients with microcytic anemia showed allow iron consumption, as well as low iron serum levels. Overall, daily-recommended allowances were not met; this can contribute to nutritional alterations.

Introducción: La anemia es un síndrome que los pacientes con cáncer presentan frecuentemente, repercutiendo este fenómeno en su calidad de vida. En el cáncer cérvicouterino (CaCu), la anemia se desarrolla en la mayoría de las pacientes sin saber la causa que la produce; como el sangrado que se presenta en estadios avanzados o por el tipo de dieta baja en hierro y otros micronutrimentos. Objetivo: Determinar el tipo de anemia, las concentraciones séricas de hierro sérico, ferritina, transferrina, ácido fólico y vitamina B12 y relacionarlo con la ingestión dietética. Sujetos y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, con 55 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer cérvico uterino sin sangrado transvaginal presente ni tratamiento oncológico. Se tomó una muestra de sangre a fin de determinar parámetros bioquímicos a partir de los cuales se determinó la presencia de anemia y el tipo de ella, así como concentraciones de micronutrimentos hematopoyéticos. Se aplicó una frecuencia alimentaria semicuantitativa para evaluar la ingestión dietética. Resultados y conclusiones: La anemia de mayor frecuencia fue de tipo normocítica normocrómica, misma que puede asociarse a la patología en curso. Las pacientes con anemia microcítica mostraron concentraciones bajas de hierro sérico, así como un bajo consumo del mismo. En general, no se cubrieron las recomendaciones de ingestión de micronutrimentos, aspecto que puede favorecer las alteraciones nutricionales.

Pharmacokinetic study of carbamazepine and its carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide metabolite in a group of female epileptic patients under chronic treatment.

BACKGROUND: Although epileptic crises are equally frequent in women and men, several factors cause female epileptics to present a series of gender-specific problems. To date, few studies have been published on the kinetics of carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) active metabolite in a Mexican population, and no information for epileptic women of reproductive age is available. The aim of the present work was to study the pharmacokinetic behavior of this group of women during steady state. METHODS: Fourteen epileptic women under chronic treatment receiving only the anticonvulsant CBZ to control their crises were studied. A blood sample was taken before breakfast, before the morning dose of 200 mg, and after the dose at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 h. Serum was separated by centrifugation at 1,350 x g. Serum concentrations of carbamazepine (CBZ) and of the metabolite carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) were measured by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by statistical moment method after obtaining serum concentrations. RESULTS: Maximum time (T(max)) for CBZ was reached at 2.72+/-0.71 h and for CBZ-E, it was 3.60+/-0.79 h. C(max) for CBZ was 7.30+/-2.30 microg/mL, while C(min) for CBZ was 6.30+/-2.49. Maximum serum values for CBZ-E were 1.01+/-0.57, equivalent to 13.80% of CBZ; t(12) value for CBZ and CBZ-E was 18.20 and 16.10 h, respectively. AUC values for CBZ and metabolite were 70.33+/-17.10 microg/L/h and 9.20+/-2.50 microg/L/h, respectively. CBZ and CBZ-E clearance did not show differences and were 0.37 mL/kg/min and 0.40 mL/kg/min, respectively. Extraction index for serum concentrations of CBZ and CBZ-E AUC(CBZ)/AUC(CBZ-E) was 0.13; positive correlation was observed between serum concentrations of CBZ and E-CBZ, with r=0.94. CONCLUSIONS: The schedule we suggest for therapeutic monitoring of serum concentrations of CBZ in chronic treatments is 3 h for maximum peak concentration of C(max) after dose administration and for minimum peak concentration, C(min) prior to subsequent administration of the dose.