Cobertura vacinal em crianças menores de um ano no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil / Vaccination coverage in children under one year of age in Minas Gerais state, Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as taxas de coberturas vacinais em crianças menores de um ano durante o período de 2015 a 2020 no estado de Minas Gerais (MG). Estudo ecológico, de série temporal, sobre as coberturas vacinais em crianças menores de 1 ano, considerando-se como unidade de análise as 28 Gerências/Superintendências Regionais de Saúde (GRS/SRS) de MG. Analisaram-se as coberturas vacinais dos seguintes imunobiológicos vacinas: contra o Bacilo de Calmette e Guérin (BCG), contra rotavírus humano, contra pneumococo 10, pentavalente, contra meningococo C, contra febre amarela e contra a poliomielite. Empregou-se o modelo autorregressivo de Prais-Winsten para análise de tendência. Destaca-se o ano de 2020, que apresentou a menor proporção de GRS e SRS que alcançaram as metas preconizadas de cobertura vacinal para os imunobiológicos analisados. Quanto à análise de tendência da cobertura, 8 das 28 GRS/SRS apresentaram tendência decrescente de, pelo menos, 5 dos 7 imunobiológicos avaliados. Observou-se tendência decrescente na cobertura vacinal de pelo menos cinco imunobiológicos em oito das GRS /SRS, com destaque para a vacina Pentavalente, que apresentou tendência decrescente de cobertura vacinal em 60,71% das GRS e SRS.

Abstract The scope of this article is to analyze vaccination coverage rates in children under one year of age during the period from 2015 to 2020 in the state of Minas Gerais (MG). It involved an ecological, time-series study on vaccination coverage in children under 1 year of age, considering the 28 Regional Health Management/Superintendencies (GRS/SRS) of MG as the unit of analysis. The following immunobiological vaccine coverage was analyzed: Bacillus Calmette and Guérin, human rotavirus, pneumococcal 10, pentavalent, meningococcus C, yellow fever, and polio vaccines. The Prais-Winsten autoregressive model was employed for trend analysis. The year 2020 stands out, as it presented the lowest proportion of GRS and SRS that reached the recommended vaccine coverage goals for the immunobiologicals analyzed. Regarding the analysis of the coverage trend, 8 of the 28 GRS/SRS showed a decreasing trend for at least 5 of the 7 immunobiologicals evaluated. We observed a downward trend in the vaccination coverage of at least five immunobiologicals in eight of the GRS/SRS, with emphasis on the Pentavalent vaccine, which showed a downward trend in vaccination coverage in 60.71% of the GRS and SRS.

[Vaccination coverage in children under one year of age in Minas Gerais state, Brazil]. / Cobertura vacinal em crianças menores de um ano no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil.

The scope of this article is to analyze vaccination coverage rates in children under one year of age during the period from 2015 to 2020 in the state of Minas Gerais (MG). It involved an ecological, time-series study on vaccination coverage in children under 1 year of age, considering the 28 Regional Health Management/Superintendencies (GRS/SRS) of MG as the unit of analysis. The following immunobiological vaccine coverage was analyzed: Bacillus Calmette and Guérin, human rotavirus, pneumococcal 10, pentavalent, meningococcus C, yellow fever, and polio vaccines. The Prais-Winsten autoregressive model was employed for trend analysis. The year 2020 stands out, as it presented the lowest proportion of GRS and SRS that reached the recommended vaccine coverage goals for the immunobiologicals analyzed. Regarding the analysis of the coverage trend, 8 of the 28 GRS/SRS showed a decreasing trend for at least 5 of the 7 immunobiologicals evaluated. We observed a downward trend in the vaccination coverage of at least five immunobiologicals in eight of the GRS/SRS, with emphasis on the Pentavalent vaccine, which showed a downward trend in vaccination coverage in 60.71% of the GRS and SRS.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as taxas de coberturas vacinais em crianças menores de um ano durante o período de 2015 a 2020 no estado de Minas Gerais (MG). Estudo ecológico, de série temporal, sobre as coberturas vacinais em crianças menores de 1 ano, considerando-se como unidade de análise as 28 Gerências/Superintendências Regionais de Saúde (GRS/SRS) de MG. Analisaram-se as coberturas vacinais dos seguintes imunobiológicos vacinas: contra o Bacilo de Calmette e Guérin (BCG), contra rotavírus humano, contra pneumococo 10, pentavalente, contra meningococo C, contra febre amarela e contra a poliomielite. Empregou-se o modelo autorregressivo de Prais-Winsten para análise de tendência. Destaca-se o ano de 2020, que apresentou a menor proporção de GRS e SRS que alcançaram as metas preconizadas de cobertura vacinal para os imunobiológicos analisados. Quanto à análise de tendência da cobertura, 8 das 28 GRS/SRS apresentaram tendência decrescente de, pelo menos, 5 dos 7 imunobiológicos avaliados. Observou-se tendência decrescente na cobertura vacinal de pelo menos cinco imunobiológicos em oito das GRS /SRS, com destaque para a vacina Pentavalente, que apresentou tendência decrescente de cobertura vacinal em 60,71% das GRS e SRS.

Absence of yellow fever virus circulation in wildlife rodents from Brazil.

Yellow fever (YF), caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), is an emerging viral zoonosis that affects humans and non-human primates (NHP). In South America, YF is naturally maintained through enzootic/sylvatic cycles involving NHPs and mosquitoes (Haemagogus and Sabethes). In this study, we retrospectively analyzed wildlife rodents to better understand their role in a potential alternative YF sylvatic cycle. The plaque reduction neutralization test was performed to detect anti-YFV antibodies, while qPCR targeting the NS5 region of flaviviruses and standard PCR targeting the CprM region were applied to detect YFV RNA in tissue and blood samples. YFV was not evidenced in any of the tested samples. These findings provide additional information regarding sylvatic YFV and emphasize the importance of YFV surveillance in wild animals as potential reservoirs/hosts given the well-established enzootic cycle in the studied areas, mainly in the Atlantic Forest.

Circulation of vaccinia virus in southern and south-eastern wildlife, Brazil.

We evaluated 345 wild animals from southern and south-eastern Brazil to understand their role in vaccinia virus (VACV) transmission cycle. VACV DNA was detected in rodents, marsupials, chiroptera and cingulate, expanding the knowledge of VACV host range in wildlife that could potentially act as source of infection in rural and urban areas.

Silent Orthohantavirus Circulation Among Humans and Small Mammals from Central Minas Gerais, Brazil.

New World orthohantaviruses are emerging RNA viruses that cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). These viruses are a burden to public health around the world with a lethality rate of around 60%. In South America, rodents of Sigmodontinae subfamily are the main reservoirs of orthohantaviruses. We described a serosurvey for orthohantaviruses circulation in an apparently healthy human population and small mammals from rural areas in Central Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A total of 240 individuals and 50 small mammals (26 rodents belonging to 10 different species and 24 marsupials from 4 different species) were sampled during 2012-2013. The seroprevalence rates of IgG/IgM antibodies in humans were 7.1 and 1.6%, respectively. Only one rodent, an Oligoryzomys nigripes captured in peridomestic area, tested positive for IgG antibodies and viral RNA. Our findings suggest a silent circulation of orthohantaviruses in a region of intensive agriculture production. The detection of seropositive humans in an area with a lack of previous HCPS reports highlights potential oligosymptomatic cases and the need for surveillance strategies that could reduce the risk of future outbreaks.