ProMenteSã: Formação de professores para promoção da saúde mental na escola / ProMenteSã: formación de profesores para promover la salud mental en la escuela / ProMenteSã: a teacher training intervention program for mental health promotion at schools

Resumo Objetivo: Promover a saúde mental nas escolas através da (in)formação e capacitação de professores do 2º e 3º ciclo do ensino básico. Métodos: Realizado um estudo não-experimental, analítico, inserido no Projeto MaiSaúdeMental (Referência: Centro - 01-0145-FEDER-023293). Após identificarmos necessidades de formação na área da saúde mental em professores, foi construído um programa de formação designado ' ProMenteSã' com vista à capacitação dos professores do 2º e 3º ciclo do ensino básico na área da promoção da saúde mental em crianças e adolescentes em meio escolar. O programa completo foi aplicado a 13 professores, maioritariamente do género feminino 11(84,6%), com uma média de idade 51,00±6,58 anos, casados e a residir em meio urbano. A eficácia do programa e a aquisição de conhecimentos em áreas da saúde mental e literacia em saúde mental foi avaliada com recurso a um questionário aplicado 'antes' e 'após' a intervenção. Resultados: Ao compararmos as duas amostras ('antes' e 'após') não foram encontradas diferenças significativas quanto à eficácia do programa de formação. Contudo, avaliada a aquisição de conhecimentos no domínio da saúde mental, verificou-se que após a aplicação do Programa ProMenteSã os professores apresentaram um aumento significativo de conhecimentos nas temáticas 'consumos e dependências-novos comportamentos aditivos' (p=0,03) e 'importância do sono na promoção da saúde mental' (p=0,04). Conclusão: O programa de formação teve impacto no aumento dos conhecimentos dos professores na área da saúde mental, na vertente da promoção da saúde.

Resumen Objetivo: Promover la salud mental en las escuelas a través de la (in)formación y capacitación de profesores de 5º a 9º año de primaria. Métodos: Estudio no experimental, analítico, dentro del Proyecto "MaiSaúdeMental" (Más Salud Mental) (Referencia: Centro - 01-0145-FEDER-023293). Luego de identificar las necesidades de formación de profesores en el área de la salud mental, se elaboró un programa de formación denominado " ProMenteSã" (Programa Mente Sana), con el fin de capacitar a profesores de 5º a 9º año de primaria en el área de promoción de la salud mental en niños y adolescentes en medio escolar. El programa completo fue aplicado con 13 profesores, mayormente de género femenino 11 (84,6 %), con un promedio de edad de 51,00±6,58 años, casados y residentes en medio urbano. La eficacia del programa y la adquisición de conocimientos en áreas de salud mental e instrucción en salud mental fue evaluada mediante un cuestionario aplicado antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: Al comparar las dos muestras (antes y después), no se encontraron diferencias significativas respecto a la eficacia del programa de formación. No obstante, al analizar la adquisición de conocimientos en el dominio de la salud mental después de aplicar el programa ProMenteSã , se verificó que los profesores demostraron un aumento significativo de conocimientos en las temáticas "consumos y dependencias: nuevos comportamientos adictivos" (p=0,0) e "importancia del sueño en la promoción de la salud mental" (p=0,04). Conclusión: El programa de formación tuvo impacto en el aumento de los conocimientos de los profesores en el área de la salud mental, en la vertiente de la promoción de la salud.

Abstract Objective: To promote mental health at schoolsthrough a training intervention program for teachers of the 2nd (5th and 6th years) and 3rd (7th, 8th and 9th years) Cycles of Basic Education. Method: Non-experimental analytical study conducted as part of the MAISaúdeMental (More Mental Health) Project (ref. number: 01-0145-FEDER-023293). After identifying needs in teachers' mental health training, the ProMenteSã training intervention program was designed to train teachers of the 2nd and 3rd Cycles of Basic Education to promote mental health in children and adolescents within the school setting. The full program was applied to 13 teachers who were mainly women (11, 84.6%) with a mean age of 51.00 ±6,58 years, married, and living in urban settings. Efficacy and acquisition of mental health knowledge and literacy were assessed with a questionnaire applied before and after the training intervention program. Results: When comparing the two samples (before and after the training intervention program), no significant differences in efficacy were found. However, when assessing the acquisition of mental health knowledge, after the application of the ProMenteSã Program teachers showed a significant increase in knowledge areas "Abuse and dependence — New behaviors of addiction" (p=0.03) and "Significance of sleep in promoting mental health" (p=0.04). Conclusion: The training intervention program increased teachers' mental health knowledge for promotion of health.

Quality of life, sleepiness and depressive symptoms in adolescents with insomnia: a cross-sectional study / Calidad de vida, somnolencia y sintomatología depresiva en adolescentes con insomnio: un estudio transversal

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of insomnia in a sample of Portuguese adolescents and assess its repercussions on HRQoL, daytime sleepiness and depressive symptomatology. DESIGN: We carried out a cross-sectional school-based study evaluating students from Viseu. LOCATION: Students from twenty-six public secondary schools in the county of Viseu, Portugal. Participants. Of 9237 questionnaires distributed, 7581 were collected (82.1%). We excluded from analysis all questionnaires from adolescents younger than 12 or older than 18 years of age (211) and unfilled forms (451). The sample comprised 6919 adolescents, the 7th to 12th grade, from 26 public secondary schools. INTERVENTIONS: None. Measurements. Data gathering was done using a self-applied questionnaire. Insomnia was defined based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - IV criteria. HRQoL was evaluated with the Quality of Life Health Survey SF-36, depressive symptomatology with BDI-II and daytime sleepiness with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS: Prevalence of insomnia was 8.3% and the prevalence of adolescents with symptoms of insomnia without daytime impairment (disturbed sleepers) was 13.1%. HRQoL was significantly reduced among adolescents with insomnia compared to normal sleepers (p < 0.001) and even when compared to disturbed sleepers (p < 0.001). There was an increase in daytime sleepiness from normal sleepers to disturbed sleepers and to adolescents with insomnia (p < 0.001). There was also an increase in the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that insomnia is associated with a significantly lower health related quality of life among adolescents

Objetivos: Determinar prevalencia de insomnio en una muestra de adolescentes portugueses y evaluar sus repercusiones en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), somnolencia diurna y sintomatología depresiva. Diseño. Estudio transversal evaluar a los estudiantes de Viseu. Emplazamiento. Estudiantes de 26 escuelas secundarias públicas en condado de Viseu, Portugal. Participantes. De 9.237 cuestionarios distribuidos, se recogieron 7.581 (82,1%). Se excluyeron del análisis todos los cuestionarios de adolescentes menores de 12 o mayores de 18 años de edad (211) y las formas sin relleno (451). La muestra fue de 6.919 adolescentes, del 7.° al 12.° grado, de 26 escuelas secundarias públicas. Intervenciones. No se aplicó ninguna intervención. Mediciones. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario autoaplicado. El insomnio se define sobre la base de los criterios del Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales, cuarta edición. La CVRS se evaluó con la calidad de vida de la Encuesta de Salud (SF-36), la sintomatología depresiva con BDI-II y la somnolencia durante el día con Epworth. Resultados. La prevalencia de insomnio fue del 8,3% y de síntomas de insomnio sin deterioro durante el día (durmientes perturbados) fue del 13,1%. La CVRS se redujo significativamente entre los adolescentes con insomnio en comparación con los durmientes normales (p<0,001) e incluso cuando se compara con durmientes perturbados (p<0,001). Hay un aumento en la somnolencia diurna de durmientes normales comparados con los durmientes perturbados y los adolescentes con insomnio (p<0,001). También hubo un aumento en la prevalencia y la gravedad de los síntomas depresivos (p<0,001). Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados muestran que el insomnio se asocia a una CVRS significativamente más baja entre los adolescentes

Quality of life, sleepiness and depressive symptoms in adolescents with insomnia: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of insomnia in a sample of Portuguese adolescents and assess its repercussions on HRQoL, daytime sleepiness and depressive symptomatology. DESIGN: We carried out a cross-sectional school-based study evaluating students from Viseu. LOCATION: Students from twenty-six public secondary schools in the county of Viseu, Portugal. PARTICIPANTS: Of 9237 questionnaires distributed, 7581 were collected (82.1%). We excluded from analysis all questionnaires from adolescents younger than 12 or older than 18 years of age (211) and unfilled forms (451). The sample comprised 6919 adolescents, the 7th to 12th grade, from 26 public secondary schools. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS: Data gathering was done using a self-applied questionnaire. Insomnia was defined based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - IV criteria. HRQoL was evaluated with the Quality of Life Health Survey SF-36, depressive symptomatology with BDI-II and daytime sleepiness with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS: Prevalence of insomnia was 8.3% and the prevalence of adolescents with symptoms of insomnia without daytime impairment (disturbed sleepers) was 13.1%. HRQoL was significantly reduced among adolescents with insomnia compared to normal sleepers (p<0.001) and even when compared to disturbed sleepers (p<0.001). There was an increase in daytime sleepiness from normal sleepers to disturbed sleepers and to adolescents with insomnia (p<0.001). There was also an increase in the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that insomnia is associated with a significantly lower health related quality of life among adolescents.

Prevalence and risk factors for insomnia among Portuguese adolescents.

UNLABELLED: Epidemiologic studies have shown that insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder at all ages, associated with sociodemographic and environmental factors and lifestyle. The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of insomnia and analyze its determinants among Portuguese adolescents. In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated 6,919 students from the 7th to the 12th grade from 26 secondary schools, during 2012. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Insomnia was defined based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV criteria. Prevalences were expressed in proportions with 95 % confidence intervals (CI), and the magnitude of association between variables was detailed using odds ratio (OR). The prevalence of symptoms of insomnia was 21.4 %, and the prevalence of insomnia was 8.3 %. After adjustment for gender and age, insomnia was associated with female gender (adjusted OR = 1.82; CI 95 %: 1.56-2.13), age ≥ 16 years (adjusted OR = 1.17; CI 95 %: 1.01-1.35), coffee and alcohol consumption (adjusted OR = 1.40; CI 95 %: 1.20-1.63 and adjusted OR = 1.21; CI 95 %: 1.03-1.41, respectively), and depressive symptoms (adjusted OR = 3.59; CI 95 %: 3.04-4.24). CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of insomnia in our sample of Portuguese adolescents confirms findings from epidemiologic studies that have shown insomnia to affect from 4.4 to 13.4 % of adolescents. The main risk factors for insomnia among these adolescents are gender (female), age (≥ 16 years), depression, and coffee and alcohol consumption, which is also in concordance with those in the literature.