Endovascular repair for infra-renal aortic aneurysms with supra-renal fixation endoprosthesis: Results and outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the outcomes regarding endoleaks, reinterventions, and death related to aneurysm complications in patients submitted to endovascular repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortoiliac aneurysm (AAA) using Endurant II (Medtronic) and Zenith Flex (Cook) endografts. METHODS: This was a prospective, consecutive cohort study of patients with AAA who underwent EVAR with the use of Endurant II stent graft and Zenith Flex endograft. RESULTS: A total of 156 patients submitted to EVAR were evaluated. The perioperative mortality was 5.1%, 8 patients. The median clinical follow-up period was 760 ± 80 days. There were 28 patients (17.9%) submitted to urgent repair of the aneurysm (symptomatic expansion or rupture) and 128 patients (82.1%) submitted to elective repair. There were 36 cases (23.1%) of later endoleak and most of them are Type II endoleaks (21 patients, 13.4%). There were 12 cases of Type I endoleak. Moreover, regarding limb graft occlusion (LGO), there were 9 patients (5.8%). The overall survival rate in Kaplan-Meier analysis at 720 days was 84.8% in the total cohort. The freedom from reintervention rate in Kaplan-Meier analysis at 720 days was 92.7% in the total cohort. The linear regression analysis for survival rates showed that chronic kidney disease (p = .03; hazard ratio (HR) = 2.82, CI = 1.07-4.44) was the only factor related to poorer survival rates in both univariate and multivariate analyses. The linear regression analysis showed that the presence of endoleaks (p < .001, HR = 6.69, CI = 2.26-8.48) and limb graft occlusion (p < .001, HR = 8.02, CI = 1.60-9.99) were related to reintervention in both univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION: In this present study, supra-renal fixation endograft devices were safe and efficient in treating AAA, with satisfactory results and no renal compromise. The linear regression analysis showed that the presence of endoleaks and limb graft occlusion were related to higher reintervention rates in both univariate and multivariate analyses.

The importance of histopathology in the diagnosis of isolated renal sarcoidosis: a case report / A importância da histopatologia no diagnóstico de sarcoidose renal isolada: um relato de caso

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in several organs; renal impairment alone is a rare condition. When it affects the kidneys, the most prevalent manifestations are hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. This paper aims to address the topic of renal sarcoidosis, by means of a case report, and reinstate the importance of histopathology in its diagnosis. Methods: The data came from an observational clinical study with a qualitative approach, through an interview with the renal sarcoidosis patient and data from her medical records. Case report: Patient D.M.S., 50 years old, Caucasian, presented with reddish eyes and body pains lasting for fifteen days as first manifestations of the disease. Upon kidney ultrasound scan, we found renal parenchymal nephropathy. Serial renal function and metabolic tests reported anemia and progressive urea and creatinine changes, as well as hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria, confirming acute kidney failure (AKF). A histopathological examination suggested the diagnosis, which was confirmed by clinical, laboratory and histopathological data. There was therapeutic resolution after steroid therapy. Discussion: The symptomatology of sarcoidosis is diverse and often non-specific. Renal manifestation, which usually occurs after organ involvement, is present in less than 5% of patients, and about 1% to 2% of these patients may develop AKF. Conclusions: The use of histopathology together with clinical and laboratory data to diagnose isolated renal sarcoidosis, rule out other etiologies and introduce early treatment is of paramount importance.

RESUMO Introdução: A sarcoidose é uma doença inflamatória sistêmica de etiologia desconhecida caracterizada pela presença de granulomas não caseosos em diversos órgãos, sendo raro o comprometimento puramente renal. Quando acomete os rins, as manifestações mais prevalentes são hipercalcemia e hipercalciúria. Este trabalho objetiva abordar o tema sarcoidose renal, por meio de relato de caso, e reafirmar a importância da histopatologia no diagnóstico. Métodos: Os dados foram obtidos por estudo clínico observacional com abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevista com a paciente portadora de sarcoidose renal e dados de seu prontuário médico. Relato de caso: Paciente D.M.S., 50 anos, caucasiana, apresentou como primeiras manifestações da doença olhos avermelhados e dores no corpo com duração de quinze dias. Em ultrassonografia renal, foi constatada nefropatia parenquimatosa renal bilateral. Testes seriados de função e metabolismo renal relataram anemia e alteração progressiva de ureia e creatinina, além de hipercalcemia e hipercalciúria, constatando quadro de insuficiência renal aguda (IRA). Foi indicado exame histopatológico que sugeriu o diagnóstico, confirmado pelos dados clínicos, laboratoriais e histopatológico somados. Houve resolução terapêutica após corticoterapia. Discussão: A sintomatologia da sarcoidose é diversificada e, muitas vezes, inespecífica. A manifestação renal, que ocorre geralmente após o acometimento de outros órgãos, está presente em menos de 5% dos pacientes, e cerca de 1% a 2% destes podem desenvolver IRA. Conclusões: É de suma importância o auxílio da histopatologia somada aos dados clínicos e laboratoriais para diagnóstico de sarcoidose renal isolada, exclusão de outras etiologias e introdução de terapêutica precoce.

The importance of histopathology in the diagnosis of isolated renal sarcoidosis: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in several organs; renal impairment alone is a rare condition. When it affects the kidneys, the most prevalent manifestations are hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. This paper aims to address the topic of renal sarcoidosis, by means of a case report, and reinstate the importance of histopathology in its diagnosis. METHODS: The data came from an observational clinical study with a qualitative approach, through an interview with the renal sarcoidosis patient and data from her medical records. CASE REPORT: Patient D.M.S., 50 years old, Caucasian, presented with reddish eyes and body pains lasting for fifteen days as first manifestations of the disease. Upon kidney ultrasound scan, we found renal parenchymal nephropathy. Serial renal function and metabolic tests reported anemia and progressive urea and creatinine changes, as well as hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria, confirming acute kidney failure (AKF). A histopathological examination suggested the diagnosis, which was confirmed by clinical, laboratory and histopathological data. There was therapeutic resolution after steroid therapy. DISCUSSION: The symptomatology of sarcoidosis is diverse and often non-specific. Renal manifestation, which usually occurs after organ involvement, is present in less than 5% of patients, and about 1% to 2% of these patients may develop AKF. CONCLUSIONS: The use of histopathology together with clinical and laboratory data to diagnose isolated renal sarcoidosis, rule out other etiologies and introduce early treatment is of paramount importance.