An improved rapid enzymatic method of RNA sequencing using chemical modification.

A version of rapid gel sequencing procedure based on the analysis of partial endonuclease hydrolizates of chemically modified 5'-32P-labelled RNA is suggested. Complete and selective modification of cytidilic residues by a methoxyamine-bisulfite mixture leads to the unfolding of the RNA secondary structure and, due to this effect, to the generation of a more uniform set of fragments after partial RNAase hydrolysis. The position of cytidines in an RNA sequence can be determined by restricting the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds between the modified CMP residues and their 3'-neighbours with T2 and A RNAases. The method was verified with tRNATrp (yeast) and 5S RNA (rat liver and yeast).

Immunochemical studies of beef pancreas tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and its fragments. Determination of the number of antigenic determinants and a comparison with tryptophanyl- tRNA synthetases from other sources and with reverse transcriptase from avian myeloblastosis virus.

The immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction of the antiserum from rabbits immunized with homogeneous beef pancreas tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase inhibits the enzyme activity in the reactions of both tRNATrp aminoacylation and tryptophan activation. Fab fragments of IgG act in a similar way. Common antigenic determinants have been detected in tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases from beef, pig, chicken and rat livers using pure antibodies against beef pancreas tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. This observation indicates the evolutional stability of certain structural features of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases. The interaction of antibodies with the fragments of beef tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase produced by endogenous and tryptic proteolysis of the enzyme has been studied. On third of the antiserum antibodies interacting with the C-terminal fragment of the enzyme (Mr approximately equal to 40000) inhibits its activity whereas the antibodies to the N-terminal fragment (Mr approximately equal to 20000) have no effect on the enzyme activity. The immunochemical identity of the two synthetase fragments differing in their enzymatic activity supports the assumption that the loss of enzymatic activity of the tryptic fragment is caused by lack of a small peptide which is retained in case of endogenous proteolysis; probably the amino acid residues of this peptide participate in formation of active centre of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. A radioimmunochemical method is described for determining the number of antigenic determinants. One molecule of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase was found to bind 9 (+/- 1) molecules of Fab fragments. Antibodies against tryptophanyl-tRNA snythetase from beef pancreas do not inhibit noticeably the activity of reverse transcriptase from avian myeloblastosis virus. No antigenic determinants in common have been detected in reverse transcriptase and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase by radioimmunochemical assays.