Prevalencia de la obesidad registrada en Atención Primaria / Prevalence of obesity recorded in Primary Care

OBJETIVO: Conocer la prevalencia del registro de obesidad y sobrepeso en las historias clínicas de atención primaria (AP). DISEÑO: Estudio transversal descriptivo. Emplazamiento: Estudio realizado en 3 centros urbanos de atención primaria de Gipuzkoa. PARTICIPANTES: Seiscientas veinte historias clínicas informatizadas extraídas de manera aleatoria de una población de 63.820 pacientes. El único criterio de inclusión fue la edad de los pacientes: mayor de 14 años. Mediciones principales: Registro del episodio clínico obesidad y/o sobrepeso. Otras variables: edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal (IMC), perímetro de cintura, comorbilidad (diabetes, hipertensión, insuficiencia cardiaca, entre otras), y variabilidad del registro realizado por los profesionales en cada centro. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba Chi-cuadrado o la prueba de Fisher con frecuencias bajas. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor de p < 0,05. Los análisis se realizaron con el software SPSS® V.21. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de la obesidad registrada fue del 6%, de los cuales, el 78,4% fueron mujeres. La prevalencia del sobrepeso fue del 3%, siendo mujeres el 33,2%. El IMC se registró en 170 casos (27%). Se encontró al menos una comorbilidad en 241 casos (39%). La asociación del IMC con la presencia de comorbilidad fue estadísticamente significativa, p = 0,0001. El registro de obesidad se asoció a la presencia de comorbilidad, p = 0,0002. CONCLUSIONES: Este trabajo confirmó que la prevalencia de la obesidad está subestimada, fundamentalmente por la deficiencia de su registro en las historias clínicas; que la prevalencia aumenta si hay otros factores de riesgo presentes, y que existe importante variabilidad en la recogida de datos entre los profesionales

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the prevalence of obesity and overweight recording in primary care (PC) clinical records. DESIGN: A descriptive, cross-sectional study. SETTING: The study was conducted in three urban, primary care centers in Gipuzkoa. PARTICIPANTS: 620 computerized clinical records randomly selected from a population of 63,820. Patient age older than 14 years was the only inclusion criterion. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Recording of the clinical episode referring to obesity and/or overweight. Other variables included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, comorbidity (diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, among others), and variability of the record made by healthcare professionals at each center. Statistical analysis included a Chi-square test or a Fisher's test for low frequencies. A value of P<.05 was considered significant. Analysis was performed using SPSS® V.21 software. RESULTS: Prevalence of recorded obesity was 6%, and 78.4% of those with recorded obesity were women. Overweight was recorded in 3% of subjects, of which 33.2% were women. BMI was recorded in 170 cases (27%). At least one comorbidity was found in 241 subjects (39%). Association of BMI with presence of comorbidity was statistically significant (P=.0001). Recording of obesity was associated to presence of comorbidity (P =.0002). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that prevalence of obesity is underestimated, mainly because it is inadequately recorded in clinical histories; that prevalence increases in the presence of other risk factors; and that there is a significant variability in data collection between healthcare professionals

Prevalence of obesity recorded in Primary Care.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the prevalence of obesity and overweight recording in primary care (PC) clinical records. DESIGN: A descriptive, cross-sectional study. SETTING: The study was conducted in three urban, primary care centers in Gipuzkoa. PARTICIPANTS: 620 computerized clinical records randomly selected from a population of 63,820. Patient age older than 14 years was the only inclusion criterion. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Recording of the clinical episode referring to obesity and/or overweight. Other variables included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, comorbidity (diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, among others), and variability of the record made by healthcre professionals at each center. Statistical analysis included a Chi-square test or a Fisher's test for low frequencies. A value of P<.05 was considered significant. Analysis was performed using SPSS(®) v.21 software. RESULTS: Prevalence of recorded obesity was 6%, and 78.4% of those with recorded obesity were women. Overweight was recorded in 3% of subjects, of which 33.2% were women. BMI was recorded in 170 cases (27%). At least one comorbidity was found in 241 subjects (39%). Association of BMI with presence of comorbidity was statistically significant (P=.0001). Recording of obesity was associated to presence of comorbidity (P =.0002). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that prevalence of obesity is underestimated, mainly because it is inadequately recorded in clinical histories; that prevalence increases in the presence of other risk factors; and that there is a significant variability in data collection between healthcare professionals.