Groundwater potential mapping in Jashore, Bangladesh.

The global groundwater crisis is a perplexing issue, and for its resolution, it is of the utmost importance for delineating groundwater potential zones. This research aims to create a precise groundwater potential map for Bangladesh's Jashore district by combining geospatial approach and an analytical hierarchy process. Fourteen parameters, namely, lineament density, drainage density, land use and land cover, slope, curvature, topographic position index, topographic wetness index, rainfall, geology, roughness, fractional impervious surface, topsoil texture, soil permeability, and general soil types, were considered for the study after an extensive literature review. The weights of these parameters were determined using an analytical hierarchy process, and the scores of each sub-parameter were assigned based on published literature. The final groundwater potential map was then generated using the weighted overlay analysis tool in ArcGIS 10.3 and categorized into five classes. The analysis reveals that very high, high, moderate, low, and very low groundwater potential zones cover 3.96 km2 (0.16%), 444.75 km2 (17.72%), 1615.51 km2 (64.37%), 441.79 km2 (17.60%), and 3.59 km2 (0.14%) of the study area, respectively. The map removal sensitivity analysis shows that geology is the most significant element in groundwater potential zoning, followed by land use and land cover (LULC), slope, and topsoil texture as moderately sensitive elements. Since the groundwater potentiality zones of the study region are clearly delineated, this research may be valuable for implementing an appropriate water resource management strategy.

Extreme ecchymoses in a migraine patient using concomitant treatment with calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antibodies and fish oil supplements: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Erenumab, a monoclonal antibody against the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor, is registered for migraine prevention. Compared to other conventional migraine prevention medicines (i.e. topiramate, betablockers and amitriptyline) erenumab has better tolerability. Impaired hemostasis has not been reported previously. Here, we report the first case of an increased tendency to bruise in a migraine patient treated with erenumab. CASE PRESENTATION: A 41-year old female migraine patient was treated with erenumab for 12 months, which led to a significant reduction of headache and migraine days. Three months after treatment start, she experienced increased tendency to bruise leading to extreme ecchymosis after 4 months treatment. Platelet counts and aggregation, thromboelastography, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and international normalized ratio (INR) were all normal. Thorough interview revealed intake of fish oil supplements for many years prior to treatment. The increased tendency to bruise subsided after discontinuation of fish oil supplements. CONCLUSION: The combination of fish oil supplements and erenumab may cause increased tendency to bruise. Erenumab has no effect on the platelets per se but may cause impaired wound healing by suppression of CGRP. Thus, small and unnoticeable bruises may be aggravated instead in patients with tendency to bruise caused by for instance fish oil supplements.

Intact blood-brain barrier during spontaneous attacks of migraine without aura: a 3T DCE-MRI study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been questioned in migraine, but BBB permeability has never been investigated during spontaneous migraine attacks. In the present study, BBB permeability during spontaneous attacks of migraine without aura was investigated compared to an interictal state. METHODS: Seventy-four patients suffering from migraine without aura were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) study. The patients were instructed to report at the hospital for DCE-MRI scan during and outside of a spontaneous migraine attack. The primary end-point was a difference in the BBB permeability (ml/100 g/min) between the attack and the headache-free days. The permeability was assessed in five different regions of interest (ROIs) located in the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral area, brain stem, posterior pons and whole brain. The paired samples t test was used to compare Ki (permeability) values between the attack and headache-free days. RESULTS: Nineteen patients completed the study. Median time from onset of migraine attack to scan was 6.5 h (range 4.0-15.5 h). No change in the mean BBB permeability (ml/100 g/min) was found between the attack and the headache-free days in any of the measured ROIs. No relationship between the pain side or intensity and BBB permeability was found in 15 patients with unilateral pain during the examined attack. CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated that the BBB permeability during spontaneous migraine attacks without aura was unchanged.

Multicomponent synthesis of 4-arylidene-2-phenyl-5(4H)-oxazolones (azlactones) using a mechanochemical approach.

BACKGROUND: Mechano heterocyclic chemistry (MCH) is a recent quickly growing technique in the synthesis of heterocycles and draws the attention of heterocyclic chemists towards the uses of grindstone technique in a solvent free green efficient synthesis of many heterocyclic systems. On the other hand, multicomponent approach has opened the door for the rapid and efficient one-step procedures to synthesize a wide range of complex targets. Azlactones have been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmaceutical properties including immune suppressive, anticancer. Antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antiviral. It also used as useful synthons in the synthesis of several small molecules, including amino acids and peptides. RESULTS: The present work describes an efficient one step green synthesis of 4-arylidene-2-phenyl-5(4H)-oxazolones (azlactones) via the multi-component synthesis by the mechanochemical grinding of glycine, benzoyl chloride, an aromatic aldehyde and fused sodium acetate in the presence of drops of acetic anhydride. This process is green, simple to handle, step and atom efficient, economical and environmentally friendly, because it does not require a reaction solvent or heating, we introduced the yield economy [YE] as a metric to assess the conversion efficiency of grinding and conventional synthetic reactions of azlactones. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental and spectral analyses. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we have developed a simple, efficient and eco-friendly strategy for facile synthesis of azlactones. The key advantages of this strategy, over conventional approach, include its simple, solvent free conditions, as well as its facile work-up, high yield economy and environmental friendliness. It is also successful in achieving three of the green chemistry objectives of a solvent free operation, high atom economy and step efficient. Thus, combining the features of both economic and environmental advantages.Graphical abstractAn efficient one step green synthesis of azlactones via multicomponent synthesis by a mechanochemical grinding.

No abnormalities of intrinsic brain connectivity in the interictal phase of migraine with aura.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Functional neuroimaging studies have shown hyperresponsiveness of cortical areas to visual stimuli in migraine patients with aura outside of attacks. This may be a key feature in the initiation of aura episodes and possibly also migraine headache attacks. It is unknown if cortical dysfunction is present at rest, i.e. in the absence of any external stimuli. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful technique for evaluating resting state functional connectivity, i.e. coherence of brain activity across cerebral areas. The objective of this study was to investigate resting-state functional brain connectivity in migraineurs with aura outside of attacks using functional magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: Forty patients suffering from migraine with visual aura and 40 individually age and gender matched healthy controls with no history or family history of migraine were investigated. Following advanced denoising, the data were analyzed both in a hypothesis-driven fashion, testing for abnormalities involving 27 different brain areas of potential relevance to migraine with aura including the cortical visual areas, the amygdala and peri-aqueductal grey matter, and in a data-driven exploratory fashion (dual regression) in order to reveal any possible between-group differences of resting state networks. Age, gender, attack frequency and disease duration were included as nuisance variables. RESULTS: No differences of functional connectivity were found between patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: The previously reported increased cortical hyperresponsivity in the interictal phase of migraine with aura is unlikely to be caused by abnormalities of intrinsic brain connectivity. The interictal migraine aura brain may be abnormally functioning only during exposure to external stimuli.

Genetic and environmental effects upon reproductive performance of Holstein crossbreds in the Sudan.

Data from a herd near Khartoum for 1955 to 1977 were evaluated. Climate was semidesert with most rainfall (151 of 165 mm) in July through September. Mean maximum daily temperatures ranged from 30.7 (January) to 41.1 degrees C (May); mean minima were 14.6 degrees C (January) and 26.9 degrees C (June). Original base population (1907) was Butana with additions of Butana, Dairy Shorthorn, Ayrshire, Guernsey, and Holstein. Breed groups and % Holstein were 1, 0 to 25%; 2, 26 to 49%; 3, 50%; 4, 51 to 71%. Numbers and mean performance were gestation length, 2474, 279 d; services per conception, 2403, 2.07; calving interval, 4004, 441 d; days open, 3204, 165 d. Calving intervals (1689) were shorter for Group 3 -25 to -31 d as were postpartum days open (-27 to -31 d), and number of services per conception was lower (.21 to .37). These animals were Holstein by Butana crossbreds, so their superior performance could reflect effects of heterosis. Gestation lengths were affected by month of parturition (January greater than June, 5.6 d), which also affected services per conception (March greater than August, .75 services). Over time, not gestation length but services per conception, calving interval, and days open increased. Repeatabilities and heritabilities for these measures were .14 and .07; .07 and 0; .10 and 0; .07 and 0. Phenotypic correlation between days open and calving interval was .99 and with gestation length was -.12. Other phenotypic correlations ranged from -.01 to -.04. Heritability of age at first parturition (888) was .31. Estimates were similar to those from temperate dairy areas.

The relation between Trichomonas vaginalis and contraceptive measures.

PIP: The relationship between the incidence of trichomonas vaginalis and the use of oral contraceptive (OC) pills was observed in 100 females from the outpatient clinic of Cairo University Hospital. 50 patients took the OC Anovlar and 50 used a size 3 Lippes Loop. 2 sample discharges were analyzed before contraceptive use, i.e. 1 wet smear on a clean slide and the other cultured on Trichosol trypticase serum medium (STS) composed of Trypticase 20 gm, cysteine Hcl 1 1/2 gm, maltose 1 gm, agar 1 gm, methylene blue .003 gm, chloamphenicol .1 gm, and distilled water 950 ml. These 2 analyses were repeated at 1, 3, and 6 months after OC use. The findings indicate the presence of trichomonas vaginalis in 36% of OC users at 3 months and 58% at 6 months, at a significant level of .05 and .01. Before use it was 2%. The Lippes Loop users has 0% before use and 6% at 3 and 6 months at .05 level of significance. The results coincide with other reported results.^ieng

[Desmoid in a laparatomy scar]. / Desmoid u oziljku laparotomije.

A patient, aged 55, three years after having undergone abdominal histerectomy and adnexectomy for a myoma, developed a hard swelling near the surgical cut in the abdominal wall. A similar swelling appeared also in another patient, aged 33, as early as three months following salpingectomy for tubal pregnancy. In both cases these hard tumours radially permeating the facia and muscles were surgically removed and histologically verified as desmoids.