Correlation of aqueous humor electrolytes with serum electrolytes in cataract patients.

PURPOSE: To correlate the aqueous humor electrolytes with serum electrolytes in patients with cataract. METHODS: In this study, 348 eyes of patients undergoing cataract surgery, who had presented between 1st January 2019 and 30th June 2020, were included. Serum electrolytes were obtained and 0.15 ml of aqueous humor was obtained during surgery using an insulin syringe via the side port incision. Mean and standard deviation was used to analyze all the categorical and continuous data including all the electrolytes levels. Pearson's correlation of coefficient was used to analyze the comparison between serum and aqueous humor electrolytes. Student T-test was used to compare electrolyte values between the serum and aqueous humor. RESULTS: We observed a significant correlation of the aqueous humor electrolytes with their serum counterparts. The coefficient of correlation is 0.155, 0.44, and 0.405 for Na+, K+, and Cl-, respectively. There is also a significant increase in the aqueous humor electrolytes as compared to the serum levels. CONCLUSION: A significant increase in electrolytes levels in the aqueous humor of cataract patients possibly could have a role in the etiology of cataract.

Optic neuritis: experience from a south Indian demyelinating disease registry.

BACKGROUND: Natural history of optic neuritis (OPN) has not been studied in India. AIM: To study consecutive patients with optic neuritis as the initial manifestation of the neurologic disease and with disease duration of 3 or more years registered in the Mangalore Demyelinating Disease Registry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 59 patients with a primary diagnosis of optic neuritis (confirmed by either an ophthalmologist or a neurologist or both). All the patients were investigated and followed-up in the clinic. RESULTS: During the follow-up of the 59 patients, 29 (49%) patients developed multiple sclerosis (MS); 3 (5%) patients neuromyelitis optica (NMO); and 13 (22%) patients chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis (CRION), while the remaining 14 (24%) did not either progress or relapse, monophasic OPN. An initial abnormal magnetic resonance imaging predicted conversion to MS in all 7 patients who had imaging at onset. Patients with NMO were left with significant residual visual loss distinguishing NMO from MS. In this large series of patients with CRION, nearly 50% of patients had deterioration in vision while steroids were being tapered. Long-term immunosuppression was essential for maintaining good visual outcome in both NMO and CRION. CONCLUSIONS: Optic neuritis in India appears similar to that in the West with nearly 50% developing MS in the long term.