RESUMO
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play a critical role in regulating gene expression by binding to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). They were first discovered around 8 years after the identification of the first miRNA in 1993, and since then, there has been a significant increase in miRNA-related research and discoveries. MiRNAs have been implicated in various biological processes, including cancer, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC). In CRC, miRNAs act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors, influencing essential cellular functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The dysregulation of miRNAs in CRC can arise from different factors, leading to abnormal expression levels of their target mRNAs and subsequently affecting protein production. Consequently, miRNAs may directly target oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, thereby contributing to cancer initiation and progression. Notably, tumors often exhibit reduced expression of mature miRNAs. In CRC research, miRNAs offer potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Specific miRNA profiles could serve as non-invasive tools for early CRC detection and risk assessment. Additionally, miRNA-based therapies present a promising approach for targeted cancer treatment by modulating miRNA expression. However, challenges related to delivery systems and long-term safety must be addressed to fully harness their therapeutic potential.
RESUMO
Basic life support (BLS) is a type of emergency care provided by healthcare workers and public safety professionals to individuals experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory distress, or other cardiopulmonary emergencies. Despite having a high burden of cardiovascular disease and trauma from conflict in Afghanistan, little is known about the level of BLS knowledge Afghani healthcare workers have. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kabul, Afghanistan, to assess healthcare workers' training and knowledge of BLS. The study, which took place from March to June 2022 across multiple public and private hospitals, was approved by the institutional ethics committee of Ariana Medical Complex. The sample size was calculated using a nonprobability convenience sampling method, and the study population consisted of healthcare workers actively working in a health center who were willing to complete a questionnaire. The results of the study showed that most participants (71.3%) were in the 21-30-year-old age range, and a third (32.3%) were doctors. 95.3% of participants had poor knowledge of BLS, with a mean score of 4.47±1.58 out of 13. Additionally, it was evident from questionnaire responses that providers are not adequately performing BLS. These findings suggest that further work, including regular BLS courses, is necessary to improve the knowledge and practice of BLS by healthcare workers in Afghanistan.
