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PURPOSE: In the digital era, the internet is the go-to source of information, and patients often seek insights on medical conditions like TMJ ankylosis. YouTube, a popular platform, is widely used for this purpose. However, YouTube's lack of regulation means it can host unreliable content. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to assess the scientific quality of YouTube videos concerning TMJ ankylosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study analyzed 59 TMJ ankylosis-related videos. Two Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery specialists assessed these videos. Data on the video source, duration, upload date, the time elapsed since upload, total views, likes, dislikes and comments, Interaction index, and viewing rate were collected and analyzed. Video quality was assessed using the Global Quality Scale (GQS) and the Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information (DISCERN), comparing health professionals and non-health professionals. RESULTS: Health professional's videos were better in terms of GQS 3.21 ± 0.94 and DISCERN score 3.03 ± 0.75 as compared to the non-health professional videos GQS 3.0 ± 1.04, and DISCERN 2.81 ± 1.13. Health professional group videos had more reliability and better quality than the non-health professional group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: YouTube should not be relied on as a trustworthy source for high-quality and reliable information regarding TMJ ankylosis videos. Healthcare professionals must be prepared to address any ambiguous or misleading information and to prioritize building trustworthy relationships with patients through accurate diagnostic and therapeutic processes.
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BACKGROUND: Despite increasing interest in how conversational agents might improve health care delivery and information dissemination, there is limited research assessing the quality of health information provided by these technologies, especially in orthognathic surgery (OGS). PURPOSE: This study aimed to measure and compare the quality of four virtual assistants (VAs) in addressing the frequently asked questions about OGS. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, AND SAMPLE: This in-silico cross-sectional study assessed the responses of a sample of four VAs through a standardized set of 10 questionnaires related to OGS. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: The independent variables were the four VAs. The four VAs tested were VA1: Alexa (Seattle, Washington), VA2: Google Assistant (Google Mountain View, California), VA3: Siri (Cupertino, California), and VA4: Bing (San Diego, California). MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE(S): The primary outcome variable was the quality of the answers generated by the four VAs. Four investigators (two orthodontists and two oral surgeons) assessed the quality of response of the four VAs through a standardized set of 10 questionnaires using a five-point modified Likert scale, with the lowest score (1) signifying the highest quality. The main outcome variables measured were the combined mean scores of the responses from each VA, and the secondary outcome assessed was the variability in responses among the different investigators. COVARIATES: None. ANALYSES: One-way analysis of variance was done to compare the average scores per question. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc analyses was done to compare the combined mean scores among the VAs, and the combined mean scores of all questions were evaluated to determine variability if any among different VA's responses to the investigators. RESULTS: Among the four VAs, VA4 (1.32 ± 0.57) had significantly the lowest (best) score, followed by VA2 (1.55 ± 0.78), VA1 (2.67 ± 1.49), and VA3 (3.52 ± 0.50) (P value <.001). There were no significant differences in how the VAs: VA3 (P value = .46), VA4 (P value = .45), and VA2 (P value = .44) responded to each of the investigators except VA1 (P value = .003). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: The VAs responded to the queries related to OGS, with VA4 displaying the best quality response, followed by VA2, VA1, and VA3. Technology companies and clinical organizations should partner for an intelligent VA with evidence-based responses specifically curated to educate patients.
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PURPOSE: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) in children is associated with retrognathia, reduction in pharyngeal airway volume (PAV), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Distraction-osteogenesis (DO) is the proven method in the management of OSA. There is paucity in literature about the effect of distraction vector on PAV. It can be expected that an oblique vector would improve PAV and relieve OSA. Thus, the study was designed to explore the feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages of this modified technique for managing TMJA and OSA simultaneously. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The investigators designed a prospective study on patients of TMJA with retrognathia. Ethical approval was obtained (IECPG-547/14.11.2018). In all patients, simultaneous ankylosis release and mandibular distraction were performed. Primary outcome variables were improvement in 3-dimensional (3D) PAV and maximal interincisal opening (MIO). Secondary outcome variables were changed mandibular length, distraction relapse, and re-ankylosis. Paired t-test and multivariate ANOVA were used to assess all the parameters. RESULT: The study included 13 joints in 8 patients of TMJA with retrognathia (2 unilateral and 6 bilateral ankylosis) with mean age of 14.25 ± 7.37 years. Mean distraction performed was 19 ± 4.0 mm. There was a statistically significant improvement of PAV by 225% (p = 0.002), a reduction in Epworth's scale (p = 0.017), an increase in MIO (p = 0.001), and an increase in mandibular length. Three patients had re-ankylosis at the 25-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study conclude that modification of distraction vector improves 3D PAV and MIO in TMJA patients, with the added advantage of a reduction in overall treatment time and improved patient compliance.
