The effect of 3 % hydrogen peroxide irrigation on postoperative complications of rhinoplasty: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled Randomized Clinical Trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation with 3% Hydrogen Peroxide solution on early complications of rhinoplasty. Volunteers who had physical status of ASA I were included in the study after informed written consent. This was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Standard open rhinoplasty technique was performed for all patients. All patients underwent the same general anesthesia and post-operative analgesic protocol and the only difference between the two studied groups was the use of hydrogen peroxide for irrigation at the end of surgery. Finally, patients were examined for edema, inflammation, ecchymosis, and infections during 8 weeks after surgery. 50 volunteers (43 female and 7 male) with the mean age of 27.84 ± 7.64 were included in this study. Edema scores were constantly lower in the intervention group (p < 0.001), so was the median inflammation score (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in ecchymosis between the two groups (p > 0.05). No cases of post-operative infection were reported in any of the study groups. In conclusion, within the limitations of the study, it seems that irrigation with H2O2 should be applied whenever appropriate, because of its potential positive effects.

The effect of a single 75 mg preoperative dose of pregabalin on postoperative pain in rhinoplasty: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single preoperative dose of 75 mg of pregabalin on postoperative pain in rhinoplasty. Volunteers with a physical status of ASA I were included in our study after informed written consent. This was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. All pregabalin and placebo capsules were given to patients orally 1 h prior to surgery. A standard open rhinoplasty procedure was performed on all patients. All patients underwent the same general anesthesia and postoperative analgesic protocol, with the only difference between the two studied groups being the use of a single dose of pregabalin prior to surgery. Finally, pain intensity was measured at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery, using a horizontal visual analogue scale (VAS), and was analyzed statistically. 128 volunteers - 33 men (25.8%) and 95 women (74.2%) - with a mean age of 26.23 ± 7.16 were included in this study. Pain intensity scores were consistently lower in patients who received pregabalin preoperatively (p = 0.002); however, the incidence of nausea, drowsiness, difficulty in concentrating, dry mouth, and constipation showed no differences between the two study groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the administration of pregabalin should be added to the perioperative protocol whenever appropriate.

Decreased Gene Expression of Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Gene 3 (EBI-3) may Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a member of the IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines produced by regulatory T (Treg) cells. This immunosuppressive cytokine can prevent exaggerated inflammatory responses like those responsible for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aims to determine the correlation between the gene expression of Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI-3) and IL-12A (p35) subunits of IL-35 in peripheral blood leukocytes with immunological and clinical parameters in RA patients. METHODS: We recruited 47 patients with RA and 44 healthy subjects. The disease activity score-28 (DAS-28) was assessed by an expert rheumatologist and the plasma levels of neopterin and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) was measured using ELISA method also Serum rheumatoid factor (RF) was assessed by the agglutination test. For the evaluation of IL-12A and EBI-3 gene expression, we used qPCR. RESULTS: We did not find any significant correlation between the gene expression of IL-35 subunits and DAS-28. There was a negative correlation between the plasma levels of neopterin and the gene expression of EBI-3 (p = 0.004). Inversely, we found a positive correlation between plasma level of anti-CCP and neopterin (p < 0.001) also between RF and DAS-28 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Regarding the significant negative correlation between EBI-3 gene expression and plasma levels of neopterin, it can be concluded that the altered gene expression of EBI-3 may play a role in the pathogenesis of RA.

The Effect of Gates-Glidden Drills on the Quality of Root Canal Treatment by Pre-Clinical Dental Students.

AIM: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of applying Gates-Glidden (GG) drill by pre-clinical dental students on root canal treatment quality. METHOD: A total of 56 first molars consisting of 168 canals were selected in this study. For this purpose, 56 students who had been formerly trained by two methods of root canal preparation were randomly divided into two groups (n = 28). Group 1: the step-down method by GG and Group 2: step-back technique without GG. The prepared teeth were filled with gutta-percha/ZOE sealer using lateral condensation. Periapical radiographs were taken before and the following treatment to survey occurrence of preparation errors and CBCT images to determine residual dentine at furcation region. RESULTS: The findings showed that among 10 error types in specimens prepared by students, the occurrence of underfilling, overfilling, inappropriate, ledge formation, and single cone was more common without GG. There were no significant differences in residual dentine amount at furcation region between preparation with and without using GG (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Using GG for root canal preparation by dental students resulted in low errors and not an increased dentine removal risk.

Enhancement of the Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite/Sulphonated Poly Ether Ether Ketone Treated Layer for Orthopaedic and Dental Implant Application.

The mechanical properties of coated layers are one of the important factors for the long-term success of orthopeadic and dental implants. In this study, the mechanical properties of the porous coated layer were examined via scratch and nanoindentation tests. The effect of compression load on the porous coated layer of sulphonated poly ether ether ketone/Hydroxyapatite was studied to determine whether it changes its mechanical properties. The water contact angle and surface roughness of the compressed coated layer were also measured. The results showed a significant increase in elastic modulus, with mean values ranging from 0.464 GPa to 1.199 GPa (p<0.05). The average scratch hardness also increased significantly from 69.9 MPa to 95.7 MPa after compression, but the surface roughness and wettability decreased significantly (p<0.05). Simple compression enhanced the mechanical properties of the sulphonated poly ether ether ketone/hydroxyapatite coated layer, and the desired mechanical properties for orthopaedic and dental implant application can be achieved.

Data on the pain of infiltration area in injection the anterior part of maxillary jaw.

This article includes data from the research article entitled "The most painful site of maxillary anterior infiltrations" (Sharifi et al., 2016) [1]. This article presents data of a study regarding pain from infiltration injection in the anterior region of maxilla in 3 locations in the buccal mucosa: the central and lateral incisors' region as well as the canine region. Pain measurements were performed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at the time of needle insertion, as well as during injection of the anesthetic agent at 5, 30 and 55 s. The injectable agent included 1.8 ml lidocaine 2% with 1:80000 epinephrine.

Prevalence of Apical Periodontitis in Different Communities: A Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis on the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) in different communities to obtain accurate data on its prevalence. Methods and Materials: The prevalence of AP in different communities based on the number of individuals, teeth and root-filled teeth was searched using electronic databases of ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus and also ProQuest and Springer. The Metaprop meta-analysis was done using the software R version 3.3.0 with Meta package. The Logit transformation method and random-effects model were used to calculate the pooled prevalence. Heterogeneity was tested by the Q-test (P<0.1 represented statistical significance), I2 statistics (25%, 50% and 75% represented low, medium and high heterogeneity, respectively) and 2τ (2τ was calculated by DerSimonian-Laird estimator method). Results: A total of 77 studies were identified to qualify for inclusion into this meta-analysis. The prevalence of AP based on the number of individuals, teeth and root-filled teeth with the pooled prevalence was 0.519, 0.0498 and 0.3828, respectively. Conclusions: The results of the present study can be helpful for policy makers to monitor the dental public health demographically and compare it to other communities; they may be able find the strengths and drawbacks of their oral and dental health program.

Sleep Architecture and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Activity in Paradoxical and Psychophysiological Insomnia.

INTRODUCTION: There are controversial reports about association between sleep and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) activity. Studies have reported the influence of insomnia on HPA hormones. However, they usually ignored the heterogeneity of insomnia symptoms, so subtypes of the disorder have not been considered in the reports. The present study aimed to investigate the final and intermediate products of HPA system among a group of psychophysiological and paradoxical insomniac patients in comparison to a group of normal sleepers. METHODS: We investigated the awakening serum level of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) and cortisol after one night Polysomnography (PSG) in 17 subjects with psychophysiological insomnia, 19 subjects with paradoxical insomnia and 17 subjects with normal sleep profile. Groups were matched for age and Body Mass Index (BMI). Serum levels of ACTH and cortisol were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS: Although, a tendency toward elevation of both ACTH and cortisol was observed among patients with paradoxical insomnia compared to both control and psychophysiological insomnia, the differences were not significant comparing three groups. According to regression analysis, higher Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep (NREM) arousal and Pulse Transit Time (PTT) significantly predicted higher level of ACTH. CONCLUSION: These findings could suggest the personality traits hypothesis for paradoxical insomnia. Both cortical and subcortical arousal could lead to more HPA activity and higher ACTH level. Further studies are recommended to confirm the hypothesis.