RESUMO
AIMS: To evaluate the changes in cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who were candidates for kidney-pancreas transplantation (KPTx) from 1999 to 2017. METHODS: Patients with T1D referred for KPTx evaluation were included. The cohort was divided into five groups according to the year of evaluation (1999-2002, 2003-2006, 2007-2010, 2011-2014 and 2015-2017). The control of CVRFs and the prevalence of prior CVD were evaluated. RESULTS: We evaluated 360 patients (64.4% men, age 38.9 ± 7.1 years). LDL-cholesterol <100 mg/dl increased from 22.7% to 76.9% (1999-2002 vs. 2015-2017; p < 0.001), as did the use of statins (from 24.7% to 74.5%; p < 0.001). Systolic blood pressure decreased from 138.8 ± 27.6 to 125.1 ± 27.9 mmHg (p = 0.001) and current smokers from 48% to 25% (p = 0.018). Intensive insulin treatment increased from 34.4% to 93.6% (p < 0.001). Diabetes duration before the initiation of renal replacement therapy increased from 23 ± 5.5 to 26.9 ± 8.9 years (p = 0.001). Overall, 30.3% had previous CVD, without significant changes over time (p = 0.699), albeit patients were older and had longer diabetes duration. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with T1D and ESRD referred for KPTx have better control of CVRFs over time, which might lead to a decrease in cardiovascular events.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Falência Renal Crônica/etiologia , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Transplante de Pâncreas/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Introducción y objetivos: En España no se dispone de estudios poblacionales de ámbito nacional en los que se haya evaluado el riesgo cardiovascular total. El objetivo del estudio es describir el riesgo cardiovascular y la consecución de los objetivos terapéuticos según lo establecido en la guía europea de 2012 para la estrategia de prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Se investigaron también las características clínicas (factores de riesgo no clásicos) asociadas a un riesgo moderado. Métodos: Se seleccionó a los participantes (n = 2.310; el 58% mujeres), de entre 40 y 65 años de edad, de un estudio de base poblacional de ámbito nacional (estudio Di@bet.es). En primer lugar, se identificó a los sujetos con un riesgo a priori alto o muy alto. A continuación, se utilizó el riesgo cardiovascular total (ecuación Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation con inclusión del colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad) para evaluar el riesgo de los individuos con un riesgo a priori no alto. Se investigaron las variables con asociación independiente con el riesgo moderado frente al riesgo bajo, utilizando para ello un análisis de regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: Los porcentajes estandarizados respecto a edad y sexo (método directo) de los participantes con riesgo alto/muy alto, moderado y bajo fueron del 22,8, el 43,5 y el 33,7% respectivamente. La mayoría de los varones tenían un riesgo moderado (56,2%), mientras que el 55,4% de las mujeres tenían riesgo bajo. Alcanzaron los objetivos de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (< 70, < 100 y < 115 mg/dl) y presión arterial (< 140/90 mmHg) los participantes de riesgo muy alto, alto y moderado, respectivamente, en el 15, el 26 y el 46% y el 77, el 68 y el 85% de los individuos. El índice de masa corporal, las concentraciones altas de triglicéridos, la presión arterial diastólica y la baja adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (en las mujeres) presentaron asociación independiente con un riesgo moderado (frente a riesgo bajo). Conclusiones El riesgo cardiovascular en España es principalmente moderado en los varones y bajo en las mujeres. Debe mejorarse la consecución de los objetivos terapéuticos por los individuos de alto riesgo. La prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular no clásicos está aumentada en los individuos de riesgo moderado, lo cual es un aspecto importante que tener en cuenta en una estrategia de base poblacional para reducir las enfermedades cardiovasculares en el grupo de mayor prevalencia (AU)
Introduction and objectives: There are no nationwide, population-based studies in Spain assessing overall cardiovascular risk. We aimed to describe cardiovascular risk and achievement of treatment goals following the 2012 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention strategy. We also investigated clinical characteristics (non-classical risk factors) associated with moderate risk. Methods: Participants (n = 2310, 58% women) aged 40 to 65 years from a national population-based study (Di@bet.es Study) were identified. First, a priori high/very-high risk individuals were identified. Next, total cardiovascular risk (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation equation including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) was used to assess risk of a priori non-high risk individuals. Variables independently associated with moderate versus low-risk were investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Age-and-sex standardized (direct method) percentages of high/very-high, moderate, and low-risk were 22.8%, 43.5%, and 33.7%, respectively. Most men were at moderate (56.2%), while 55.4% of women were at low risk. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (< 70, < 100, < 115 mg/dL) and blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg) goals for very-high, high and moderate risk were met in 15%, 26% and 46%, and 77%, 68% and 85% of the individuals, respectively. Body mass index, high triglycerides concentrations, diastolic blood pressure, and low Mediterranean diet adherence (in women) were independently associated with moderate (versus low) risk. Conclusions: Cardiovascular risk in Spain is mainly moderate in men and low in women. Achievement of treatment goals in high-risk individuals should be improved. The prevalence of non-classical cardiovascular risk factors is elevated in subjects at moderate risk, an important aspect to consider in a population-based strategy to decrease cardiovascular disease in the most prevalent group (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Idade e SexoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: There are no nationwide, population-based studies in Spain assessing overall cardiovascular risk. We aimed to describe cardiovascular risk and achievement of treatment goals following the 2012 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention strategy. We also investigated clinical characteristics (non-classical risk factors) associated with moderate risk. METHODS: Participants (n=2310, 58% women) aged 40 to 65 years from a national population-based study (Di@bet.es Study) were identified. First, a priori high/very-high risk individuals were identified. Next, total cardiovascular risk (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation equation including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) was used to assess risk of a priori non-high risk individuals. Variables independently associated with moderate versus low-risk were investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Age-and-sex standardized (direct method) percentages of high/very-high, moderate, and low-risk were 22.8%, 43.5%, and 33.7%, respectively. Most men were at moderate (56.2%), while 55.4% of women were at low risk. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (< 70,<100, < 115 mg/dL) and blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg) goals for very-high, high and moderate risk were met in 15%, 26% and 46%, and 77%, 68% and 85% of the individuals, respectively. Body mass index, high triglycerides concentrations, diastolic blood pressure, and low Mediterranean diet adherence (in women) were independently associated with moderate (versus low) risk. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular risk in Spain is mainly moderate in men and low in women. Achievement of treatment goals in high-risk individuals should be improved. The prevalence of non-classical cardiovascular risk factors is elevated in subjects at moderate risk, an important aspect to consider in a population-based strategy to decrease cardiovascular disease in the most prevalent group.
