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1.
Ansiedad estrés ; 28(3): 153-159, Sep-Dec. 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-211859

RESUMO

Being a victim of a violent event in childhood carries a higher risk of developing emotional, behavioral and social problems. However, not all minors show serious negative consequences. Their degree of resilience will depend on previous emotional stability, degree of self-esteem, cognitive style and the type of experiences, as well as their ability to solve problems. Protective factors implicated in resilience include a stable family environment, helpful relationships with peers, and community support. There are certain adaptive coping strategies, such as striving to realistically solve everyday problems, adapting to the new reality, and actively forgetting or forgiving what happened. The greater or lesser use of certain cognitive emotional regulation strategies can also condition the recovery process or be linked to different trajectories of the victims in the face of potentially traumatic events. A positive indicator of the victim’s improvement is when the verbal expression of feelings is recovered and order is brought to the chaos of images and memories of the violent event. Further research is required in the near future, such as the influence of the age and gender of minors and the role of coping strategies and emotional regulation.(AU)


Ser víctima de un suceso violento en la infancia conlleva un mayor riesgo en el desarrollo de problemas emocionales, de conducta y sociales. Sin embargo, no todos los menores muestran consecuencias negativas graves. La mayor o menor resiliencia va a depender del equilibrio emocional previo, del grado de autoestima, del estilo cognitivo y del tipo de experiencias habidas, así como de su capacidad de resolución de problemas. Entre los factores de protección implicados en la resiliencia figuran el entorno familiar estable y las relaciones de ayuda con los iguales y el apoyo del entorno comunitario. Hay ciertas estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativas, como esforzarse por solucionar los problemas cotidianos de una manera realista y adaptarse a la nueva realidad, olvidar de forma activa o perdonar lo ocurrido. El mayor o menor uso de determinadas estrategias de regulación emocional cognitiva puede asimismo condicionar el proceso de recuperación o estar vinculado a diferentes trayectorias de las víctimas ante sucesos potencialmente traumáticos. Un indicador positivo del proceso de mejoría de la víctima es cuando se recupera la expresión verbal de los sentimientos y se pone orden en el caos de las imágenes y recuerdos del suceso violento. Nuevas investigaciones son requeridas en un futuro próximo, como la influencia de la edad y del sexo de los menores y el papel de las estrategias de afrontamiento y de regulación emocional.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adaptação Psicológica , Crescimento Psicológico Pós-Traumático , Resiliência Psicológica , Transtornos de Estresse Traumático , Menores de Idade , Estresse Psicológico , Ansiedade , Transtornos de Ansiedade
2.
Pap. psicol ; 38(2): 135-147, mayo-ago. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-164407

RESUMO

Se presenta una revisión sistemática de estudios sobre prevalencia de la violencia en el noviazgo (física, psicológica y sexual) cometida y sufrida en adolescentes y jóvenes. De 1221 referencias iniciales, 113 cumplían con los criterios de calidad preestablecidos (evaluación de la violencia con instrumentos fiables y válidos, muestras superiores a 500 participantes u obtenidas mediante muestreo probabilístico). Se encontró una gran variabilidad en los datos de prevalencia, con rangos de variación entre el 3.8% y el 41.9% en violencia física cometida; entre el 0.4% y el 57.3% en violencia física sufrida; entre el 4.2% y el 97% en violencia psicológica cometida; entre el 8.5% y el 95.5% en violencia psicológica sufrida; entre el 1.2% y el 58.8% en violencia sexual cometida; y entre el 0.1% y el 64.6% en violencia sexual sufrida. Los resultados sugieren una mayor prevalencia en la perpetración de agresiones psicológicas por mujeres y sexuales por los hombres; una mayor victimización psicológica y sexual en mujeres; así como tasas ligeramente superiores de agresiones en los adolescentes que en los adultos jóvenes. Asimismo, en muchos de los trabajos revisados las agresiones tenían una naturaleza bidireccional (AU)


This article conducts a systematic review on the prevalence of dating violence in adolescents and young people. Primary studies about physical, psychological and sexual dating violence (perpetration and victimization) were analyzed. A total of 1,221 references were found and, out of those, 113 met the pre-established quality criteria (studies had to have used assessment tools with evidence of reliability and validity in samples of over 500 participants or obtained through probabilistic sampling). The results showed great variability in the figures on the prevalence of dating violence. Specifically, the percentages range from 3.8% to 41.9% for perpetrated physical violence; from 0.4% to 57.3% for victimized physical violence; from 4.2% to 97% for perpetrated psychological violence; from 8.5% to 95.5% for victimized psychological violence; from 1.2% to 58.8% for perpetrated sexual violence; and finally, from 0.1% to 64.6% for victimized sexual violence. The results suggest a higher prevalence in the perpetration of psychological aggression by women and sexual violence by men; greater psychological and sexual victimization in women; and slightly higher rates of aggression in adolescents than in young adults. Also, in many of the papers the aggression had a bidirectional nature (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Violência contra a Mulher , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/psicologia , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Delitos Sexuais , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
3.
Ter. psicol ; 34(1): 31-40, abr. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-787137

RESUMO

Hay muchas razones por las que los hombres maltratadores contra la pareja deben recibir tratamiento psicológico. En este artículo se analizan los transtornos más relevantes, tales como el abuso de alcohol/drogas, los celos patológicos y los transtornos de personalidad (antisocial, límite, narcisista y paranoide), así como los déficits psicológicos de estas personas, tales como el descontrol de la ira, las dificultades emocionales, las distorsiones cognitivas, la baja autoestima y los déficits de comunicación y de solución de problemas. Se describen las tipologías de hombres maltratadores más relevantes y se señala su importancia para la planificación del tratamiento individualizado. La inclusión de medidas penales y de tratamiento psicológico es posible. Se analiza la motivación para el tratamiento y se señalan las principales vías de intervención terapéutica, así como los resultados obtenidos. Por último, se comentan las líneas de investigación más urgentes para el futuro.


There are many reasons why men who batter should be psychologically treated. In this paper the most relevant mental disorders, such as substance use disorder, pathological jealousy, and antisocial, borderline, narcissistic and paranoid personality disorders, and psychological deficits of batterer men, such as anger, emotional difficulties, cognitive distortions, low self-esteem and deficits in social skills and problem solving, are analyzed. Male domestic violence offender typologies according to the most relevant classifications are commented. The role of these typologies for treatment is pointed out. An analysis of how to combine court intervention and psychological treatment to rehabilitate abusive men is also carried out. Motivational enhancement strategies and effective therapy for men who batter are discussed. Finally, the future perspectives and the most relevant goals of research are commented on.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Transtornos da Personalidade/terapia , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/psicologia , Alcoolismo/psicologia
4.
Psicothema ; 22(4): 1054-60, 2010 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21044552

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to describe the psychometric properties of the Severe Intimate Partner Violence Risk Prediction Scale and to revise it in order to ponderate the 20 items according to their discriminant capacity and to solve the missing item problem. The sample for this study consisted of 450 male batterers who were reported to the police station. The victims were classified as high-risk (18.2%), moderate-risk (45.8%) and low-risk (36%), depending on the cutoff scores in the original scale. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=.72) and interrater reliability (r=.73) were acceptable. The point biserial correlation coefficient between each item and the corrected total score of the 20-item scale was calculated to determine the most discriminative items, which were associated with the context of intimate partner violence in the last month, with the male batterer's profile and with the victim's vulnerability. A revised scale (EPV-R) with new cutoff scores and indications on how to deal with the missing items were proposed in accordance with these results. This easy-to-use tool appears to be suitable to the requirements of criminal justice professionals and is intended for use in safety planning. Implications of these results for further research are discussed.


Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Conjugais/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Violência/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Área Sob a Curva , Humanos , Ciúme , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Psicometria , Curva ROC , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Armas , Adulto Jovem
5.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 22(4): 1054-1060, 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-82574

RESUMO

El estudio describe y revisa las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Predicción del Riesgo de Violencia Grave Contra la Pareja (EPV) con el objetivo de ponderar sus 20 ítems según su capacidad discriminativa y solucionar el problema de las escalas incompletas. Se analizan 450 expedientes de agresores de pareja denunciados a la Ertzaintza. Los casos se han clasificado como de riesgo alto (18,2%), de riesgo moderado (45,8%) o de bajo riesgo (36%) según los puntos de corte propuestos en la escala original. La consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach= 0,72) y la fiabilidad interjueces (r= 0,73) pueden considerarse aceptables. Los ítems con mayor capacidad discriminativa, calculados mediante la correlación biserial puntual de cada ítem con la puntuación total corregida, son aquellos asociados al contexto de la violencia durante el último mes, al perfil del agresor y a la vulnerabilidad de la víctima. Se propone una escala revisada (EPV-R), con nuevos puntos de corte e indicaciones para valorar el riesgo cuando las escalas están incompletas. La escala parece adecuada para el uso de los profesionales en contacto con las víctimas y es de utilidad en la planificación de medidas de protección. Por último, se analizan las implicaciones de los resultados para futuras investigaciones(AU)


The aim of this study was to describe the psychometric properties of the Severe Intimate Partner Violence Risk Prediction Scale and to revise it in order to ponderate the 20 items according to their discriminant capacity and to solve the missing item problem. The sample for this study consisted of 450 male batterers who were reported to the police station. The victims were classifi ed as high-risk (18.2%), moderate-risk (45.8%) and low-risk (36%), depending on the cutoff scores in the original scale. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha= .72) and interrater reliability (r= .73) were acceptable. The point biserial correlation coefficient between each item and the corrected total score of the 20-item scale was calculated to determine the most discriminative items, which were associated with the context of intimate partner violence in the last month, with the male batterer’s profi le and with the victim’s vulnerability. A revised scale (EPV-R) with new cutoff scores and indications on how to deal with the missing items were proposed in accordance with these results. This easy-to-use tool appears to be suitable to the requirements of criminal justice professionals and is intended for use in safety planning. Implications of these results for further research are discussed(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Violência contra a Mulher , Grupos de Risco , Psicometria/classificação , Psicometria/normas , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Análise de Dados/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários/classificação , Inquéritos e Questionários
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