Signo del tres invertido y pirosis / No disponible

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Fiebre y lesión necrótica cutánea / Fever and cutaneous necrotic lesion

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Influencia de la edad en la mortalidad de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca / Influence of age in mortality of patients with heart failure

Objetivo: La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) representa uno de los motivos de ingreso más frecuentes en los Servicios de Medicina Interna. La elevada edad de los pacientes es una de las principales características de este tipo de ingreso. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar la influencia de la edad en la mortalidad, a medio plazo, de la IC tras un episodio de descompensación.Metodo: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes dados de alta, con diagnóstico de IC, durante el periodo comprendido entre septiembre de 2000 y agosto de 2001, y se registró su situación a fecha 1 de enero de 2003. Un total de 215 pacientes fueron revisados.Resultados: El número total de defunciones durante el periodo de seguimiento fue de 60 (27,9% del total de pacientes). Según aumentaba la edad de los pacientes se observó un mayor número de mujeres y un menor empleo de la ecocardiografía y del tratamiento con beta bloqueantes y anticoagulación oral en pacientes con fibrilación auricular. Aplicando el modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox, la edad (OR 1,043 IC 95% 1,002-1,085), la estancia media (OR 1,04, IC 95% 1,003-1,078), la presencia de diabetes mellitus (OR 2,51, IC 95% 1,37-4,60) y la ausencia de anticoagulación oral en caso de fibrilación auricular (OR 2,71, IC 95% 1,10-6,60) fueron factores pronósticos independientes.Conclusión: La edad constituye un importante factor pronóstico en pacientes con IC. Por ello deberían realizarse estudios clínicos que incluyeran pacientes con estas características, lo que permitiría conocer mejor la evolución de la IC en este grupo de población

Objective: Heart failure (HF) is one of the most frequent diagnosis in Internal Medicine Units. High age of patients is an important characteristic in these admissions. Our objective was to evaluate how age interact with mortality, to medium-term, in HF after a decompensated episode. Method: Through the patient medical record we obtained data about patients hospitalised in a Internal Medicine Unit, with HF diagnosis, for a year (from September 2000 to August 2001) and their survival at 1st January 2003. 215 patients were reviewed. Results: During follow-up, 60 patients died (27.9% of overall). In elderly patients, we observed a higher number of women and less use of echocardiography and treatment with beta-blockers and warfarin (in patients with atrial fibrillation). In Cox proportional-hazards model, age (OR 1.043 IC 95% 1.002-1.085), days of hospitalization (OR 1.04 IC 95% 1.003-1.078), diabetes mellitus (OR 2.51 IC 95% 1.37-4.60) and do not prescribe warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (OR 2.71 IC 95% 1.10-6.60) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Age was an important prognostic factor in patients with HF. Clinical trials should be done in patients with these characteristics. So, we can know better clinical evolution of HF in this population

[Influence of age in mortality of patients with heart failure]. / Influencia de la edad en la mortalidad de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca.

OBJECTIVE: Heart failure (HF) is one of the most frequent diagnosis in Internal Medicine Units. High age of patients is an important characteristic in these admissions. Our objective was to evaluate how age interact with mortality, to medium-term, in HF after a decompensated episode. METHOD: Through the patient medical record we obtained data about patients hospitalised in a Internal Medicine Unit, with HF diagnosis, for a year (from September 2000 to August 2001) and their survival at 1st January 2003. 215 patients were reviewed. RESULTS: During follow-up, 60 patients died (27.9% of overall). In elderly patients, we observed a higher number of women and less use of echocardiography and treatment with beta-blockers and warfarin (in patients with atrial fibrillation). In Cox proportional-hazards model, age (OR 1.043 IC 95% 1.002-1.085), days of hospitalization (OR 1.04 IC 95% 1.003-1.078), diabetes mellitus (OR 2.51 IC 95% 1.37-4.60) and do not prescribe warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (OR 2.71 IC 95% 1.10-6.60) were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Age was an important prognostic factor in patients with HF. Clinical trials should be done in patients with these characteristics. So, we can know better clinical evolution of HF in this population.

[Syncope: many studies and few diagnoses?]. / Síncope: muchos estudios y pocos diagnósticos?

INTRODUCTION: Syncope is a frequent disorder shows diagnostic difficulties, so that an important percentage of patients remain without diagnosis after the implementation of diagnostic tests that sometimes are unnecessary. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of the patients admitted during a period of two years because of syncope in an Internal Medicine Service was carried out. RESULTS: Of a total of 2,878 patients hospitalized during the years 1999 and 2000, 79 were admitted because of syncope (2.74%). Forty-five (57%) were men and 34 (43%) were women, with a median age of 68.8 years. Twenty-seven patients (34%) had history of syncope. After a median hospitalization of 9.5 days, the etiological diagnosis was established in 53 (67%) patients: in 25 patients (31.6%) the syncope was mediated by neurological mechanisms, in 16 (20.25%) it was of cardiology origin, in 4 (5.06%) it was of neurological origin and in 8 (10.1%) the syncope was secondary to other causes. In 54 patient (68.8%) at least one cardiology test was carried out (41 Holter, 32 echocardiograms, 6 tilt board tests, 3 maneuvers of massage of the carotid sinus, 3 ergometry studies, 3 electrophysiological studies, 2 coronary angiographies and 3 ventilation perfusion lung gammagraphies). In 51 patient (64%) at least one neurological test was carried out (31 EEG, 42 CT, 2 MNR, 1 Doppler cranial ultrasound and 3 electroneuromyogram). Only 4 of the Holter carried out were diagnostic, as well as 3 of the echocardiograms and only 2 of the CT carried out. No EEG was useful for the etiological diagnosis of the syncope. CONCLUSIONS: There is an excessive utilization of some diagnostic tests (EEG, Holter, cerebral CT), in spite of which in an important percentage of patients with syncope the etiological diagnosis is no done (33%). The use of diagnostic algorithms based on detailed clinical history, physical exploration and assessment of the ECG is proposed, that they would make it possible to issue a diagnostic hypothesis from which there could be begun the diagnostic study with a use as rational as possible of the complementary examinations.

Síncope: ¿muchos estudios y pocos diagnósticos? / Syncope: many studies and few dignoses?

Introducción. El síncope es una patología frecuente, en ocasiones de difícil diagnóstico, de modo que un importante porcentaje queda sin filiar tras realizar pruebas diagnósticas, a veces innecesarias. Método. Se realiza un análisis retrospectivo de los pacientes ingresados por síncope en un servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza durante dos años. Resultados. De un total de 2.878 pacientes ingresados en el servicio durante los años 1999 y 2000, 79 lo fueron por síncope (2,74 por ciento); 45 (57 por ciento) hombres y 34 (43 por ciento) mujeres, con una edad media de 68,8 años. Veintisiete pacientes (34 por ciento) habían presentado episodios previos de síncope al ingreso. Tras una estancia media de 9,5 días se llegó al diagnóstico etiológico en 53 (67 por ciento) casos: en 25 pacientes (31,6 por ciento) el síncope fue neurológicamente mediado, en 16 (20,25 por ciento) fue cardiológico, en 4 (5,06 por ciento) neurológico y 8 (10,1 por ciento) secundarios a otras causas. A 54 pacientes (68,8 por ciento) se les realizó al menos una prueba cardiológica (41 Holter, 32 ecocardiogramas, 6 pruebas de la mesa basculante, 3 maniobras de masaje del seno carotídeo, 3 ergometrías, 3 estudios electrofisiológicos, 2 coronariografías y 3 gammagrafías pulmonares de ventilación/perfusión).A 51 pacientes (64 por ciento) se les realizó al menos una prueba neurológica (31 electroencefalogramas [EEG], 42 tomografías axiales computarizadas [TAC], 2 resonancias magnéticas nucleares [RMN], 1 doppler transcraneal y 3 electroneuromiogramas).De los registros Holter realizados sólo 4 fueron diagnósticos, al igual que 3 de los ecocardiogramas y sólo 2 de las TAC realizadas. Ningún EEG fue útil para el diagnóstico etiológico del síncope. Conclusiones. Existe una sobreutilización de algunas pruebas diagnósticas (EEG, Holter y TAC cerebral), a pesar de lo cual en un importante porcentaje de casos de síncope no se llega a un diagnóstico etiológico (33 por ciento).Se propone el uso de algoritmos diagnósticos basados en una minuciosa historia clínica, exploración física y valoración de ECG que permitirían emitir una hipótesis diagnóstica a partir de la cual poder comenzar el estudio con un uso lo más racional posible de las exploraciones complementarias (AU)

Manifestaciones sistémicas y respuesta al tratamiento en la arteritis temporal / Systemic manifestations and answer to the management of temporal arteritis

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[Multiple symmetric lipomatosis]. / Lipomatosis simétrica múltiple (LSM).

Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (MSL or Madelung's Disease) is a rare entity characterized by the presence of non-capsulated lipomas mainly located at the neck and upper part of the thorax and frequently associated to chronic hepatopathy, neuropathy and alcoholic habit. We review and update the clinical, etiopathogenic, diagnostic and therapeutical aspects of this rare entity. We stress the presence of neuropathy, a typical feature of the disease, which has also a predictive value.