Restoring gradual land-water transitions in a shallow lake improved phytoplankton quantity and quality with cascading effects on zooplankton production.

Land-water transition areas play a significant role in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. However, anthropogenic pressures are posing severe threats on land-water transition areas, which leads to degradation of the ecological integrity of many lakes worldwide. Enhancing habitat complexity and heterogeneity by restoring land-water transition areas in lake systems is deemed a suitable method to restore lakes bottom-up by stimulating lower trophic levels. Stimulating productivity of lower trophic levels (phytoplankton, zooplankton) generates important food sources for declining higher trophic levels (fish, birds). Here, we study ecosystem restoration project Marker Wadden in Lake Markermeer, The Netherlands. This project involved the construction of a 700-ha archipelago of five islands in a degrading shallow lake, aiming to create additional sheltered land-water transition areas to stimulate food web development from its base by improving phytoplankton quantity and quality. We found that phytoplankton quantity (chlorophyll-a concentration) and quality (inversed carbon:nutrient ratio) in the shallow waters inside the Marker Wadden archipelago were significantly improved, likely due to higher nutrient availabilities, while light availability remained sufficient, compared to the surrounding lake. Higher phytoplankton quantity and quality was positively correlated with zooplankton biomass, which was higher inside the archipelago than in the surrounding lake due to improved trophic transfer efficiency between phytoplankton and zooplankton. We conclude that creating new land-water transition areas can be used to increase light and nutrient availabilities and thereby enhancing primary productivity, which in turn can stimulate higher trophic levels in degrading aquatic ecosystems.

Escore de risco de Framingham em pacientes diabéticos da estratégia de saúde da família / Framingham risk score among diabetic patients in the family health strategy / Puntuación de riesgo de Framingham en pacientes diabéticos de la estrategia de salud familiar

A maioria dos indivíduos com diabetes mellitus também apresenta obesidade, hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e dislipidemia. Por esse motivo, preconiza-se a Estratificação de Risco de Framingham (ERF), de modo a identificar o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) em dez anos. Este estudo analisa a prevalência de diabetes mellitus para determinar o risco cardiovascular pelo ERF na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), visando um cuidado integral para a prevenção de DCV. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de corte transversal com população (n = 746) dividida em 150 indivíduos diabéticos (apenas quatro do tipo 1) e 596 não diabéticos a partir de 3.325 prontuários. Foi identificado 57,9% (n = 432) de indivíduos com baixo risco (ERF < 10%); 24,7% (n = 185) em médio risco (ERF 10-20%), e 17,2% (n = 129) em alto risco (ERF > 20%). Os diabéticos de baixo risco representam 23,3% (n = 35/150); 36,6% (n = 55/150) com médio risco e 40% (n = 60/150) com alto risco. Os grupos são significativamente distintos entre si quanto ao ERF (P < 0, 0001) ao comparar os subgrupos de risco (baixo, médio, alto), assim como as taxas de glicemia (P < 0,0001). A prevalência de médio e alto risco aumenta a partir dos 48 anos de idade; o sexo feminino prevalece em todos os níveis de risco e faixas etárias. O risco cardiovascular para diabéticos é 2,5 vezes maior; há impacto aumentado se concomitante com hipertensão, tabagismo, obesidade, sedentarismo e etilismo. O panorama do risco cardiovascular, determinado pelo ERF, é relevante para o uso clínico pela equipe de saúde básica ao lidar com pacientes diabéticos.

Most individuals with diabetes mellitus also present obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Hence, the Framingham Risk Stratification (ERF) is recommended to identify the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in 10 years. This study analyzes the prevalence of diabetes mellitus to determine cardiovascular risk using the ERF in the Family Health Strategy, aiming at comprehensive care for CVD prevention. Cross-sectional research was conducted with 746 patients divided into 150 diabetic individuals (only four with type 1) and 596 non-diabetic individuals, identified from 3,325 medical records. Of the total, 57.9% (n = 432) were low-risk individuals (ERF < 10%), 24.7% (n = 185) medium risk (ERF 10-20%), and 17.2% (n = 129) high risk (ERF > 20%). Among diabetics, 23.3% (n = 35/150) were at low risk, 36.6% (n = 55/150) at medium risk, and 40% (n = 60/150) at high risk. The groups are significantly different regarding ERF (P < 0.0001), and when comparing risk subgroups (low, medium, high) and blood glucose rates (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of medium and high risk increases from 48 years of age. Women prevails at all risk levels and age groups. Diabetics have a 2.5 times higher cardiovascular risk, presenting an increased impact if concomitant with hypertension, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and alcoholism. The panorama of cardiovascular risk determined by the ERF is relevant for clinical use by primary care staff when treating diabetic patients.

La mayoría de las personas que padecen diabetes mellitus también tiene obesidad, hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS) y dislipidemia. Por este motivo, se recomienda la Estratificación de Riesgo de Framingham (ERF) para identificar el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) en 10 años. Este estudio busca analizar la prevalencia de la diabetes mellitus para determinar el riesgo cardiovascular utilizando la ERF en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar, con el objetivo de proporcionar una atención integral para la prevención de las ECV. Este es un estudio de corte transversal con una población (n = 746) dividida en 150 individuos diabéticos (solo 4 de tipo 1) y 596 individuos no diabéticos desde 3.325 historias clínicas. Se identificaron un 57,9% (n = 432) de individuos de bajo riesgo (ERF <10%); el 24,7% (n = 185) de riesgo medio (ERF 10-20%) y el 17,2% (n = 129) de alto riesgo (ERF > 20%). Los diabéticos de bajo riesgo constituyen el 23,3% (n = 35/150); con riesgo medio el 36,6% (n = 55/150) y con riesgo alto el 40% (n = 60/150). Los grupos son significativamente diferentes entre sí con respecto a la ERF (P < 0,0001) al comparar subgrupos de riesgo (bajo, medio, alto) y las tasas de glucosa en sangre (P < 0,0001). La prevalencia de riesgo medio y alto aumenta a partir de los 48 años; el género femenino predomina en todos los niveles de riesgo y grupos de edad. El riesgo cardiovascular para los diabéticos es 2,5 veces mayor; hay un mayor impacto si es concomitante con hipertensión, tabaquismo, obesidad, inactividad física y alcoholismo. El panorama de riesgo cardiovascular, determinado por la ERF, es relevante para el uso clínico por parte del equipo básico de salud cuando se trata de pacientes diabéticos.

Ingestion of microplastic by ontogenetic phases of Stellifer brasiliensis (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) from the surf zone of tropical beaches.

Microplastics (<5 mm) are present in marine ecosystems worldwide where they can be ingested by a wide range of organisms from different trophic levels. In this study we analyzed the gastrointestinal tract of 443 specimens of Stellifer brasiliensis (124 juveniles, 254 subadults, and 65 adults) sampled in tropical beaches adjacent to the Paraíba River estuary. We found 1-3 microplastics in 42 fishes (9.48%), averaging 1.31 ± 0.52 microplastics per fish. The number of ingested microplastics by the different ontogenetic stages was statistically similar, but the adults had a higher ingestion frequency (13.8%). Among subadults, the condition factor of fishes that ingested microplastics was significantly smaller (p < 0.05) than those that had not ingested them. The ingestion of microplastics by the different ontogenetic stages of S. brasiliensis reflects the availability of this pollutant in the studied environment and highlights the vulnerability of fishes and other organisms through food webs.