Assuntos
Comportamento Contraceptivo/psicologia , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Homens/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Comportamento Contraceptivo/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar/educação , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Homens/educação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , TogoRESUMO
Retinal projections were studied using Fink-Heimer and radioautographic methods in Polypterus senegalus, a species which is representative of a small group of African fresh-water bony fish often considered to be very primitive. The large optic nerve showed partial decussation at the chiasm. Two major contralateral tracts were observed: the axillary and marginal optic tracts, with the latter being subdivided posteriorly into the tractus opticus medialis and tractus opticus lateralis. The retina projected onto the: (1) hypothalamus (area optica postoptica); (2) thalamus (nucleus opticus dorsolateralis thalimi, nucleus dorsomedialis thalami, corpus geniculatum laterale, area optica dorsolateralis thalami, area optica ventrolateralis thalami); (3) pretectum (nuclei commissurae posterioris, pretectalis ventralis, pretectalis dorsalis); and (4) optic tectum (stratum marginale, stratum opticum, stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale, stratum griseum et album centrale, stratum griseum et fibrosum periventriculare). Ipsilateral retinal projections were demonstrated to the same 4 levels and more precisely to the nucleus opticus dorsolateralis thalami, area optica dorsolaterale thalami, nucleus commissurae posterioris, stratum marginale and stratum griseum et album centrale. The existence of a retinal projection to the mesencephalic tegmentum is discussed. Comparing the primary optic system of Polypterus with that of other jawed vertebrates, and particularly with that of other bony fish, indicated that this species possesses a combination of characteristics which are both actinopterygian and sarcopterygian. The phylogenetic significance of this mozaic anatomical arrangement is discussed.
Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Retina/anatomia & histologia , Vias Visuais/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Autorradiografia , Dominância Cerebral/fisiologia , Peixes , Hipotálamo/anatomia & histologia , Nervo Óptico/anatomia & histologia , Filogenia , Colículos Superiores/anatomia & histologia , Tegmento Mesencefálico/anatomia & histologia , Tálamo/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Retinofugal pathways of Polypterus senegalus C. have been examined by means of the radioautographic method. Contralaterally the retina projects to the hypothalamus, thalamus, pretectum and tectum. An important ipsilateral component has been observed. No retinal projection to the mesencephalic tegmentum has been identified. Comparing the primary optic system of Polypterus with that of other body Fish, indicates that this species possesses a combination of characteristics which are both actinopterygian and sarcopterygian. The significance of this mozaic arrangement is discussed.