Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Efficacy of Enhalus acoroides against Diethylnitrosamine Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Wistar Albino Rats.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second most cause of death among the various cancers worldwide. Recent research searching an alternative therapy for cancer treatment without or less side effects. Many studies indicated the beneficial effects of Enhalus acoroides. There has been no scientific validation on antioxidant and chemopreventive potential of ethanolic extract E. acoroides against hepatoma. To assess the hepatoprotective activity of E. acoroides (EEEA) against DEN-induced hepatoma using Wistar albino rats. Animals were distributed into five groups, each containing six rats. To Group I - control rats - normal saline given. Groups II, III, IV and V rats were injection of DEN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight i.p. to induce liver cancer. At the commencement of 6th week, Group III rats supplemented with EEEA at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight/day upto 16 weeks. Group IV rats supplemented with EEEA for 1 week before the administration of DEN and continued till the sixteenth week. Group V supplementation of silymarin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight at the beginning of 6th week after the injection of DEN and continued upto 16 weeks and considered as positive control rats. The efficiency of E. acoroides for its antioxidant hepatoprotective and activity evaluated in rats against DEN-induced liver damage. The hepatoprotective ability of EEEA at a dose of 200 mg/kg was examined against DEN at a dose of 100 mg/kg/b.w. induced hepatotoxicity and analysed by evaluating serum liver and kidney marker levels, lipid profile (TG, HDL, LDL and total cholesterol) and serum tumour markers (DNA, RNA, AFP and CEA). Supplementation of EEEA to DEN treated rats was determined by evaluating various antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, Vit E and Vit C). Histopathological studies and morphometric gross analysis were also support the consequences of this study. A significant improvement of antioxidant defence and declined MDA levels within the serum of EEEA treated animals compared to the DEN-induced hepatoma. The supplementation of EEEA declined the serum liver, kidney and serum tumour marker levels and lipid profile as comparatively to Group I rats. The histopathological changes were changed on supplementation of EEEA demonstrating its protecting effects on hepatocytes as comparatively to Group I rats. Our significances recognized that crude extract (ethanol) of E. acoroides revealed a potential impact against DEN-induced hepatoma and assists as a superior choice for chemopreventive treatments.

Therapeutic Potential of Cucumis melo (L.) Fruit Extract and Its Silver Nanopartciles Against DEN-Induced Hepatocellular Cancer in Rats.

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have a wide range of biological activities and using nanoparticles as one of the novel approaches in cancer therapy. In this present research work, the anti-cancer efficacy of Cucumis melo fruit extract and its silver nanoparticles was explored. Wistar rats were divided into six groups and hepatic cancer was induced with 0.01% DEN (diethylnitrosamine) through drinking water for 16 weeks. Cyclophosphamide was given as the standard drug at the dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. Hematological parameters showed a decrease in the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC), and platelets (PLTS) levels except white blood cell (WBC) in DEN-induced cancer animals. Significant alterations in the hematological parameters were observed after treatment which indicate the protective effect of Cucumis melo fruit on the hemopoietic system. The structural integrity of the cells has been damaged in cancer-induced animals, and this results in cytoplasmic leakage of enzyme into the blood stream, leads to the elevated levels of these enzymes in blood with subsequent fall in the tissues. Hence, the levels of liver function markers such as AST ALT, ALP, LDH, GGT, and 5'NT were significantly elevated in serum and the liver of cancer-induced rats. The levels of serum tumor markers, viz., alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), elevated in rats induced with DEN, which then were reduced following Cucumis melo fruit treatment, indicating the anti-cancer activity of the drug. Histological evaluation of the liver and kidney was also performed to authenticate the present work. Treatment with crude extract and silver nanoparticles of Cucumis melo fruit indicates that Cucumis melo fruit could have exerted its protective effect.

A Hybrid Swarm Intelligence Algorithm for Intrusion Detection Using Significant Features.

Intrusion detection has become a main part of network security due to the huge number of attacks which affects the computers. This is due to the extensive growth of internet connectivity and accessibility to information systems worldwide. To deal with this problem, in this paper a hybrid algorithm is proposed to integrate Modified Artificial Bee Colony (MABC) with Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) to predict the intrusion detection problem. The algorithms are combined together to find out better optimization results and the classification accuracies are obtained by 10-fold cross-validation method. The purpose of this paper is to select the most relevant features that can represent the pattern of the network traffic and test its effect on the success of the proposed hybrid classification algorithm. To investigate the performance of the proposed method, intrusion detection KDDCup'99 benchmark dataset from the UCI Machine Learning repository is used. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the other machine learning algorithms and found to be significantly different.

Synthesis and Characterization of New Symmetrical Binucleating Ligands and Their &mgr;-Phenoxo-Bridged Bicopper(II) Complexes: Structural, Electrochemical, and Magnetic Studies.

The new pentadentate binucleating ligands 2,6-Bis[N-(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-N-methylaminomethyl]-4-chlorophenol, H(3)L(1), and 2,6-bis[N-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzyl)-N-cyclohexylaminomethyl]-4-methylphenol, H(3)L(2), and their binuclear copper(II) complexes of the general formulas [Cu(2)L(1)(X)] (X = OMe, OH, Br (1-3)) and [Cu(2)L(2)(X)] (X = OMe, OH, Br (4-6)) have been prepared. The molecular structure of the complex [Cu(2)L(1)(OMe)].MeOH was studied by X-ray crystallography. It exists as a discrete binuclear species in which the copper atoms are in a distorted square planar environment with two oxygen bridges provided by the phenolate of the ligand and methoxy exogenous donor and the Cu.Cu distance is 3.030 Å. A cyclic voltammetric study of the complexes shows two quasireversible reduction waves at negative potentials. A cryomagnetic investigation on powdered samples of the complexes (1-6) shows moderately strong antiferromagnetic coupling (-2J in the range 120-300 cm(-)(1)). A comparison of the electrochemical and magnetic properties of the complexes prepared from both ligands is discussed. Crystal data for the complex [Cu(2)L(1)(OMe)].MeOH: molecular formula C(30)H(39)ClCu(2)N(2)O(5), monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c with a = 13.222(1) Å, b = 15.912(1) Å, c = 14.149(1) Å, beta = 91.64(1) degrees, and Z = 4.