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1.
Appl Radiat Isot ; 132: 170-177, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29248783

RESUMO

Using the proposed high-pressure pressed powder pellet technique, a coal sample was pressed into an ideal pellet without binders, which provides a solution to the poor self-binding quality of coal for the determination by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The pellet produced by this method was more compact and smoother, which was particularly meaningful for spectrometer, where the sample is placed over the tube window. Additionally, the high-pressure sample preparation technique effectively eliminated the effect of falling powder and contamination in the Measuring chamber of the spectrometer. Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (WDXRF) was applied successfully to the determination of carbon, nitrogen and ash content in coal samples. This could provide an alternative method for the rapid analysis of carbon, nitrogen and ash content in the coal rather than the combustion method or the high-frequency infrared absorption with a slow ashing method. Furthermore, WDXRF could provide simultaneous determination of other major, minor and trace elements by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The XRF results indicated that the sensitivity, precision, and limit of detection for most components were improved when the coal sample was pressed at 1600kN compared with preparation at 400kN.

2.
J Plant Res ; 130(4): 669-676, 2017 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28389923

RESUMO

Most endangered plant species in a fragmented forest behave as a unique source population, with a high dependence on frugivorous birds for recruitment and persistence. In this study, we combined field data of dispersal behavior of birds and GIS information of patch attributes to estimate how frugivorous birds could affect the effective dispersal pattern of Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis) in a fragmented and disturbed forest. Nine bird species were observed to visit T. chinensis trees, with Urocissa erythrorhyncha, Zoothera dauma and Picus canus being the most common dispersers. After foraging, six disperser species exhibited different perching patterns. Three specialist species, P. canus, Turdus hortulorum, and Z. dauma stayed in the source patch, while three generalist species, U. erythrorhyncha, Hypsipetes mcclellandii, and H. castanonotus, could perch in bamboo patches and varied in movement ability due to body size. As a consequence of perching, dispersers significantly contributed to the seed bank, but indirectly affected seedling recruitment. Moreover, the recruitment of T. chinensis was also affected by patch attributes in a fragmented forest (distances to source patch, patch type, size). Our results highlighted the ability of unique source population regeneration of T. chinensis in a fragmented forest, with high dependence on both frugivorous birds and patch attributes, which should be considered in future planning for forest management and conservation.


Assuntos
Dispersão de Sementes , Taxus/fisiologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Aves , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Florestas , Frutas/fisiologia , Plântula/fisiologia , Sementes/fisiologia , Árvores
3.
Sci Rep ; 6: 17489, 2016 Jan 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26725517

RESUMO

Frugivorous birds generally exhibit an unequal contribution to dispersal effectiveness of plant species as a function of their habitat adaptation and body size. In our study, we compared the effectiveness of multiple bird species that contribute to the dispersal of the endangered relic Chinese yew, Taxus chinensis. Seven bird species dispersed T. chinensis seeds, with Picus canus, Turdus hortulorum, and Urocissa erythrorhyncha being the main dispersers. The quantity part of dispersal effectiveness was strongly influenced by two inherent characteristics of disperser species: body size and habitat adaptation. However, the quality part of dispersal effectiveness was only influenced by disperser type. For instance, small generalist birds and large specialist birds removed more seeds than other type dispersers. Moreover, small birds and specialist birds contributed slightly more to the dispersal quality of T. chinensis than large birds and generalist birds respectively; however, these differences were not significant. Our results suggest that dispersal effectiveness is affected by variety in the body size and habitat adaptation of different dispersers. Therefore, such variation should be incorporated into spatial and temporal management actions of relic plant species in patchy, human-disturbed habitats.


Assuntos
Aves/fisiologia , Árvores/fisiologia , Animais , China , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Feminino , Masculino , Dispersão de Sementes , Plântula/fisiologia , Comportamento Sexual Animal
4.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao ; 27(7): 2084-2090, 2016 Jul.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29737114

RESUMO

To compare water purification of common aquatic plants in wetland ecosystem, four common aquatic plant species (Eichhornia crassipes, Nymphaea tetragona, Acorus calamus and Phragmites australis) were used as study species. The effect of aquatic plants on the change of sewage ammonium nitrogen, COD, TP content during different experimental time (1-5 d) with the presence of iron-carbon interior electrolytic substrates were analyzed in small scale experimental apparatus. The results showed that single and combined aquatic plants could effectively remove ammonium nitrogen, COD, TP from the sewage compared with the no-plant control group, but the efficiencies were significantly different among the different species. Ammonium nitrogen removal up to 100% was achieved with E. crassipes in two days, and A. calamus in three days. Each plant combination performed well on ammonium nitrogen removal. Concentration of the sewage COD approached zero with E. crassipes in three days, A. calamus performed secondly. The concentration of COD in combination of E. crassipes and A. calamus water decreased by 85.1% to a minimum of 4.33 mg·L-1. The concentration of TP was the lowest with E. crassipes in four days, and second with P. australis. The lowest concentration of TP was found with the combination of E. crassipes and A. calamusin two days. The combination effect of interior electrolyte and plant was better than that of pure interior electrolyte on the purification of sewage. Plant configuration should be optimized according to the level of pollutants.


Assuntos
Acorus/metabolismo , Eichhornia/metabolismo , Nymphaea/metabolismo , Poaceae/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/isolamento & purificação , Purificação da Água , Biodegradação Ambiental , Análise da Demanda Biológica de Oxigênio , Carbono/isolamento & purificação , Ferro , Nitrogênio/isolamento & purificação , Fósforo , Esgotos , Áreas Alagadas
5.
Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi ; 35(6): 1741-5, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26601401

RESUMO

The main analysis error of pressed powder pellet of carbonate comes from particle-size effect and mineral effect. So in the article in order to eliminate the particle-size effect, the ultrafine pressed powder pellet sample preparation is used to the determination of multi-elements and carbon-dioxide in carbonate. To prepare the ultrafine powder the FRITSCH planetary Micro Mill machine and tungsten carbide media is utilized. To conquer the conglomeration during the process of grinding, the wet grinding is preferred. The surface morphology of the pellet is more smooth and neat, the Compton scatter effect is reduced with the decrease in particle size. The intensity of the spectral line is varied with the change of the particle size, generally the intensity of the spectral line is increased with the decrease in the particle size. But when the particle size of more than one component of the material is decreased, the intensity of the spectral line may increase for S, Si, Mg, or decrease for Ca, Al, Ti, K, which depend on the respective mass absorption coefficient . The change of the composition of the phase with milling is also researched. The incident depth of respective element is given from theoretical calculation. When the sample is grounded to the particle size of less than the penetration depth of all the analyte, the effect of the particle size on the intensity of the spectral line is much reduced. In the experiment, when grounded the sample to less than 8 µm(d95), the particle-size effect is much eliminated, with the correction method of theoretical α coefficient and the empirical coefficient, 14 major, minor and trace element in the carbonate can be determined accurately. And the precision of the method is much improved with RSD < 2%, except Na2O. Carbon is ultra-light element, the fluorescence yield is low and the interference is serious. With the manual multi-layer crystal PX4, coarse collimator, empirical correction, X-ray spectrometer can be used to determine the carbon dioxide in the carbonate quantitatively. The intensity of the carbon is increase with the times of the measurement and the time delay even the pellet is stored in the dessicator. So employing the latest pressed powder pellet is suggested.

6.
Sci Rep ; 5: 10045, 2015 May 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25942698

RESUMO

The contribution of forest generalists and specialists to the dispersal pattern of tree species is not well understood. Specialists are considered low-quality dispersers because their dispersal distance is often short. However, disregard for seed deposition site may result in underestimation of the dispersal quality of specialists. The present study estimated the contribution of generalist and specialist species to the dispersal patterns of the endangered Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis) in a subtropical patchy forest in Southeast China. A relatively diverse assemblage of frugivorous birds visited T. chinensis source trees, and specialist Hypsipetes leucocephalus and generalist Urocissa erythrorhyncha were by far the highest-quantity dispersers. Considering dispersal effectiveness, the quantity aspect of effectiveness differed between the specialist assemblage and generalist assemblage; the contribution of specialists to the quantity part of effectiveness was significantly higher than that of generalists despite the relatively low diversity of specialists. After foraging, both specialist H. leucocephalus and generalist U. erythrorhyncha significantly contributed to the number of seedlings, and their contributions to seedling recruitment did not differ with regard to quality. Our results highlight the ability of T. chinensis to recruit an effective disperser assemblage in patchy habitats, thus increasing its persistence in this disturbed habitat.


Assuntos
Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Frutas/fisiologia , Herbivoria/fisiologia , Passeriformes/fisiologia , Dispersão de Sementes/fisiologia , Taxus/fisiologia , Algoritmos , Animais , Biodiversidade , China , Florestas , Modelos Lineares , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento
7.
Molecules ; 20(2): 2685-92, 2015 Feb 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25658143

RESUMO

Pseudolarix (Pinaceae) is a vulnerable (sensu IUCN) monotypic genus restricted to southeastern China. To better understand levels of genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow among populations of P. amabilis, we developed five compound SSR markers and ten novel polymorphic expressed sequence tags (EST) derived microsatellites. The results showed that all 15 loci were polymorphic with the number of alleles per locus ranging from two to seven. The expected and observed heterozygosities varied from 0.169 to 0.752, and 0.000 to 1.000, respectively. The inbreeding coefficient ranged from -0.833 to 1.000. These markers will contribute to research on genetic diversity and population genetic structure of P. amabilis, which in turn will contribute to the species conservation.


Assuntos
Repetições de Microssatélites , Pinaceae/genética , Sequência de Bases , Etiquetas de Sequências Expressas , Genes de Plantas , Marcadores Genéticos , Polimorfismo Genético , Análise de Sequência de DNA
8.
Int J Phytoremediation ; 17(1-6): 215-21, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25397978

RESUMO

The results of phosphorus fractionation in the sediments from a contaminated river containing different aquatic plants, analyzed by solution 31P-NMR for Organic Phosphorus, showed that the concentration of Inorganic Phosphorus dominated in all species and Organic Phosphorus accounted for over 20% of Total Phosphorus. In general, orthophosphate was dominant in all the sampling sites. The proportion of Organic Phosphorus accounting for the Total Phosphorus in the sediments with different plant decreased in the following order: Paspalum distichum>Typha orientalis>Hydrilla verticillata. Phosphorus-accumulation ability of Paspalum distichum was obviously stronger than Typha orientalis and Hydrilla verticillata. The Organic Phosphorus was in aquatic plants dominated by humic-associated P (Hu-P), which converted to Inorganic Ohosphorus more significantly in submerged plants than in emerged plants. The sediment dominated by Paspalum distichum abundantly accumulated Organic Phosphorus in the orthophosphate monoester fraction. The degradation and mineralization of orthophosphate monoester was the important source of high Inorganic Phosphorus concentration and net primary productivity in Suoxu River. The Organic Phosphorus derived from Typha orientalis and Hydrilla verticillata was dramatically converted to Inorganic Phosphorus when the environmental factors varied.


Assuntos
Sedimentos Geológicos/análise , Hydrocharitaceae/metabolismo , Paspalum/metabolismo , Fósforo/metabolismo , Typhaceae/metabolismo , China , Compostos de Fósforo/metabolismo , Rios/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água
9.
Sci Rep ; 4: 6748, 2014 Oct 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25339574

RESUMO

Different types of sediments in salt marsh have different physical and chemical characters. Thus sediment type plays a role in plant competition and growth in salt marsh ecosystems. Spartina anglica populations have been increasingly confined to upper elevation gradients of clay, and the niche sediment has changed. Because the niches of S. anglica and the native species Scirpus triqueter overlap, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to test the hypothesis that plant competition has changed under different types of sediments. Biomass and asexual reproduction were analyzed, and inter- and intraspecific competition was measured by log response ratio for the two species in both monoculture and combination under three sediment types (sand, clay and mixture of sand and clay). For S. anglica, biomass, ramet number and rhizome length in combination declined significantly compared with those in monoculture, and the intensity of interspecific competition was significantly higher than that of intraspecific competition under all sediments. For S. triqueter, the intensities of intra- and interspecific competition were not significantly different. This indicates that S. triqueter exerts an asymmetric competitive advantage over S. anglica across all sediments, but especially clay. Thus the sediment type changes competition between S. anglica and S. triqueter.


Assuntos
Biomassa , Ecossistema , Poaceae/fisiologia , Reprodução/fisiologia , Silicatos de Alumínio , Argila , Sedimentos Geológicos , Rizoma/fisiologia , Sais/metabolismo , Áreas Alagadas
10.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao ; 23(7): 1921-6, 2012 Jul.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23173468

RESUMO

To explore the responses and feedbacks of the microbes in the sediments of Taihu Lake to the sediment nutrients, an investigation was made on the microbial biomass carbon (MB(C)), microbial biomass nitrogen (MB(N)), microbial biomass phosphorus (MB(P)), and their correlations with the total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in the sediments. The microbial biomass in the sediments was 184.66 mg x kg(-1), being higher at the lakeside than in the mid-lake region. The MB(C) was higher in the western coastal region, Zhushan Bay, and Meiliang Bay, with an average of 127.57 mg x kg(-1), MB(N) was higher in Meiliang Bay, Gonghu Bay, mid-lake region close to Meiliang Bay and Gonghu Bay, and eastern costal region, with an average of 19.25 mg x kg(-1), and MB(P) was higher in the eastern region and parts of the mid-lake region, with an average was 19.09 mg x kg(-1). The TOC high value zone (> or = 2.30 g x kg(-1)) was mainly in Zhushan Bay, western coastal region, Meiliang Bay, and Gonghu Bay, with an average of 1.59 g x kg(-1), TN high value zone (> or = 0.30 g x kg(-1)) was mainly in the Gonghu Bay, Meiliang Bay, Zhushan Bay, and western costal region, with an average of 0.21 g x kg(-1), and TP high value zone (> or = 1.20 g x kg(-1)) was mainly in the eastern coastal region and parts of the mid-lake region, with an average of 0.55 g x kg(-1). The TOC/TN ratio in the sediments was 7-19, with an average of 8.97, which showed that the organic substances in the sediments had obvious dual sources, among which, terrestrial organisms were mainly in the west side of the lake. The microbial biomass in the sediments was significantly positively correlated with sediment TOC and TN but had less correlation with sediment TP, and the MB(C)/MB(N) was significantly correlated with sediment TOC/TN, suggesting that the microbes in the sediments of Taihu Lake were mainly affected by the sediment TOC and TN, and the changes of the TOC/TN had significant effects on the microbial community structure.


Assuntos
Carbono/análise , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Lagos , Microbiologia da Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Biomassa , China , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Nitrogênio/análise , Compostos Orgânicos/análise , Fósforo/análise , Água/análise
11.
PLoS One ; 6(10): e25629, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21998676

RESUMO

The exotic species Spartina anglica, introduced from Europe in 1963, has been experiencing a decline in the past decade in coastal China, but the reasons for the decline are still not clear. It is hypothesized that competition with the native species Scirpus triqueter may have played an important role in the decline due to niche overlap in the field. We measured biomass, leaf number and area, asexual reproduction and relative neighborhood effect (RNE) of the two species in both monoculture and mixture under three nitrogen levels (control, low and high). S. anglica showed significantly lower biomass accumulation, leaf number and asexual reproduction in mixture than in monoculture. The inter- and intra-specific RNE of S. anglica were all positive, and the inter-specific RNE was significantly higher than the intra-specific RNE in the control. For S. triqueter, inter- and intra-specific RNE were negative at the high nitrogen level but positive in the control and at the low nitrogen level. This indicates that S. triqueter exerted an asymmetric competitive advantage over S. anglica in the control and low nitrogen conditions; however, S. anglica facilitated growth of S. triqueter in high nitrogen conditions. Nitrogen level changed the interactions between the two species because S. triqueter better tolerated low nitrogen. Since S. anglica is increasingly confined to upper, more nitrogen-limited marsh areas in coastal China, increased competition from S. triqueter may help explain its decline.


Assuntos
Meio Ambiente , Magnoliopsida/metabolismo , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Biomassa , China , Espécies Introduzidas , Magnoliopsida/anatomia & histologia , Magnoliopsida/fisiologia , Folhas de Planta/anatomia & histologia , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Reprodução Assexuada
12.
Ecotoxicology ; 20(5): 940-50, 2011 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21451950

RESUMO

The Jialu River, an important branch of the Huaihe River in China, was seriously polluted because of rapid economic growth and urbanization. In order to evaluate the potential for serious environmental consequences as a result of anthropogenic contamination, the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been investigated in surface sediment samples collected in connection with field surveys of 19 sites along the Jialu River. The total concentration of the 16 USEPA priority PAHs ranged from 466.0 to 2605.6 ng/g dry weight with a mean concentration of 1363.2 ng/g. Sediment samples with the highest PAH concentrations were from the upper reaches of the river, where Zhengzhou City is located; the PAH levels in the middle and lower reaches were relatively low. According to the observed molecular indices, PAHs originated largely from the high-temperature pyrolytic process. According to the numerical effect-based sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) of the United States, the levels of PAHs in the Jialu River should not exert adverse biological effects. The total benzo[a]pyrene toxicity equivalent (TEQ) values calculated for samples varied from 50.4 to 312.8 ng/g dry weight with an average of 167.4 ng/g. The relationships between PAHs and environmental factors, including chemical properties of sediments, water quality, aquatic organisms, hydrological conditions, and anthropogenic activities, are also discussed. PAHs exerted a potential negative impact on the benthos. Settlement percentage, population density and industrial GDP per capita had a significant influence on the distribution of PAHs.


Assuntos
Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Rios/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , China , Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluição Química da Água/estatística & dados numéricos
13.
J Environ Monit ; 13(3): 597-604, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21229143

RESUMO

The distribution, source, ecological risk and ecotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of sediments from 7 sampling sites, named as Xinyang (XY), Huainan (HN), Bengbu (BB), Xuyi (XuY), Fuyang (FY), Mengcheng (MC) and Zhengzhou (ZZ), in the Huaihe River basin, China, have been investigated. The total concentrations of 16 USEPA priority PAHs ranged from 62.9 to 2232.4 ng g⁻¹ dry weight (d.w.) with a mean concentration of 1056.8 ng g⁻¹ d.w. Through the assessment of ecological risk, we found that the levels of PAHs in the Huaihe River should not exert adverse biological effects. The total benzo[a]pyrene toxicity equivalent (TEQ) values calculated for samples varied from 0.01 to 194.1 ng g⁻¹ d.w., with an average of 65.9 ng g⁻¹. The toxicity data were accordant with the chemical analysis results in this study. HN, BB and ZZ showed the greatest pollution extent both in the chemical analysis and the study of ecotoxicological effects.


Assuntos
Sedimentos Geológicos/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluição Química da Água/análise , Animais , China , Ecotoxicologia , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Mercenaria , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidade , Rios , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade
14.
Water Environ Res ; 82(7): 610-6, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20669722

RESUMO

Photo-degradation of C.I. Disperse Blue 56 (DB56) by UV irradiation combined with manganese minerals (UV/MM) was investigated in this paper. Through comparative study with the UV/titanium dioxide (TiO2) process, it was found that the UV/MM method had similar photodegradation efficiency to UV/TiO2 and was slightly more effective in removing the toxicity. In the conditions of DB56 concentration = 400 mg/L, pH = 9.0, manganese minerals dosage = 20 g/L, room temperature (25 degrees C), dissolved oxygen (O2) = 50 L/h, and reaction time = 1 hour, the color and chemical oxygen demand removal percentages were up to approximately 94 and 51%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that UV/MM is an alternative approach that should be explored further in the treatment of dyeing wastewaters.


Assuntos
Manganês/química , Minerais/química , Raios Ultravioleta , Fotoquímica , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta
15.
Environ Technol ; 31(7): 771-9, 2010 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20586239

RESUMO

Degradation of Active Brilliant Red X-3B (X-3B) in aqueous solution by a microwave discharge electrodeless lamp (MDEL) in the presence of activated carbon was investigated. The preliminary results proved this method could effectively degrade X-3B in aqueous solution. The removal percentages of colour and chemical oxygen demand were up to approximately 99% and 66%, respectively, at the conditions of 0.8 g/L dye concentration, 20 g/L activated carbon, pH 7.0 and 8 min microwave irradiation time. The degradation basically belonged to first-order reaction kinetics and its rate constant was 0.42 min(-1). No aromatic organics were detected in the final treated solution, indicating that the mineralization was relatively complete. By studying the change in solution properties, it could be concluded that MDEL-assisted oxidation was the dominant reaction mechanism. In addition, the influence of operational parameters and reuse of activated carbon were also discussed.


Assuntos
Compostos Azo/química , Compostos Azo/efeitos da radiação , Carvão Vegetal/química , Iluminação/instrumentação , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/efeitos da radiação , Purificação da Água/instrumentação , Compostos Azo/isolamento & purificação , Eletrodos , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Micro-Ondas , Doses de Radiação , Poluentes Químicos da Água/isolamento & purificação
16.
J Environ Sci (China) ; 22(4): 512-8, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20617726

RESUMO

A comparative study of treatment of simulated wastewater containing Reactive Red 195 using zero-valent iron/activated carbon (ZVI/AC), microwave discharge electrodeless lamp/sodium hypochlorite (MDEL/NaClO) and the combination of ZVI/AC-MDEL/NaClO was conducted. The preliminary results showed the two steps method of ZVI/AC-MDEL/NaClO had much higher degradation efficiency than both single steps. The final color removal percentage was nearly up to 100% and the chemical oxygen demand reduction percentage was up to approximately 82%. The effects of operational parameters, including initial pH value of simulated wastewater, ZVI/AC ratio and particle size of ZVI were also investigated. In addition, from the discussion of synergistic effect between ZVI/AC and MEDL/NaClO, we found that in the ZVI/AC-MEDL/NaClO process, ZVI/AC could break the azo bond firstly and then MEDL/NaClO degraded the aromatic amine products effectively. Reversing the order would reduce the degradation efficiency.


Assuntos
Compostos Azo/química , Carbono/química , Ferro/química , Micro-Ondas , Naftalenossulfonatos/química , Hipoclorito de Sódio/química , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Corantes/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Estrutura Molecular , Fatores de Tempo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química
17.
Bioresour Technol ; 101(6): 1693-700, 2010 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19854043

RESUMO

The performance response of planted and the unplanted wetlands to simulated wastewater with different ratios of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) was studied during a 9-month period in greenhouse conditions. With different C/N ratios for influent water (C/N ratios 2.5:1, 5:1 and 10:1), average removal efficiencies for the unplanted and the planted wetlands were as follows: COD (41-52% and 59-68%), TN (24-48% and 25-62%), TP (35-64% and 59-71%) and TOC (22-37% and 16-33%). At C/N 5:1, both systems performed most efficiently for removal of COD and TP. However, high N removal efficiency only occurred when C/N ratio ranged 2.5-5. Both wetlands exhibited good capabilities of total organic carbon removal at C/N 10:1. Maybe, appropriate control of the carbon or nitrogen source concentration and C/N ratio in the influent can achieve the optimal effect of nutrients removal.


Assuntos
Biotecnologia/métodos , Carbono/química , Nitrogênio/química , Áreas Alagadas , Cidades , Desenho de Equipamento , Lythrum/enzimologia , Compostos Orgânicos , Oxirredução , Oxigênio/química , Fósforo/química , Fatores de Tempo , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Purificação da Água/métodos
18.
Bioorg Med Chem ; 18(2): 880-6, 2010 Jan 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20005116

RESUMO

A series of amide-coupled benzoic nitrogen mustard derivatives as potential EGFR and HER-2 kinase inhibitors were synthesized and reported for the first time. Some of them exhibited significant EGFR and HER-2 inhibitory activity. Of all the studied compounds, compounds 5b and 5t exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity, which was comparable to the positive control erlotinib. Docking simulation was performed to position compounds 5b and 5t into the EGFR active site to determine the probable binding model. Antiproliferative assay results indicated that some of the benzoic nitrogen mustard derivatives possessed high antiproliferative activity against MCF-7. In particular, compounds 5b and 5t with potent inhibitory activity in tumor growth inhibition may function as potential antitumor agents.


Assuntos
Amidas/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Compostos de Mostarda Nitrogenada/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Amidas/síntese química , Amidas/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inibidores , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Compostos de Mostarda Nitrogenada/síntese química , Compostos de Mostarda Nitrogenada/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Receptor ErbB-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
19.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao ; 20(10): 2370-6, 2009 Oct.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20077692

RESUMO

Four nutrient levels, i.e., 0.5 mg N x L(-1) and 0.1 mg P x L(-1) (I), 1.5 mg N x L(-1) and 0.3 mg P x L(-1) (II), 4.5 mg N x L(-1) and 0.9 mg P x L(-1) (III), and 13.5 mg N x L(-1) and 2.7 mg P x L(-1) (IV), were installed to study the effects of water body's nutrient level, plant species combination, and their interactions on the biomass accumulation and allocation of invasive floating species Eichhornia crassipes, native rooted leaf-floating species Jussiaea stipulacea, and submerged plant Vallisneria spiralis. The total, root, stem, and leaf biomass of E. crassipes and J. stipulacea, either in monoculture or in mixed-culture, increased with increasing water body's nutrient level, their total biomass in treatments III and IV being averagely 54.47% and 102.63% higher than that in treatments I and II, respectively. Under different plant species combination, the total, root, stem, and leaf biomass of V. spiralis showed a declining trend with the increase of nutrient level, and the total biomass of V. spiralis in treatments III and IV was averagely 45.88% lower than that in treatments I and II. The results of two-way ANOVA showed that water body's nutrient level had significant positive effects on the biomass of E. crassipes and J. stipulacea but negative effects on that of V. spiralis, and the effects of plant species combination varied with target plant species.


Assuntos
Biomassa , Eutrofização , Desenvolvimento Vegetal , Plantas/classificação , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Eichhornia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Nitrogênio/análise , Fósforo/análise , Ulex/crescimento & desenvolvimento
20.
J Integr Plant Biol ; 50(2): 210-20, 2008 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18713444

RESUMO

Both the photosynthetic light curves and CO(2) curves of Juglans regia L. and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa in three seasons were measured using a LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The maximal net photosynthetic rate (A(max)), apparent quantum efficiency(phi), maximal carboxylation rate (V(cmax)) and water use efficiency (WUE) of the two species were calculated based on the curves. The results showed that A(max) of J. regia reached its maximum at the late-season, while the highest values of A(max) of Z. jujuba occurred at the mid-season. The A(max) of J. regia was more affected by relative humidity (RH) of the atmosphere, while that of Z. jujuba was more affected by the air temperature. Light saturation point (LSP) and Light compensation point (LCP) of J. regia had a higher correlation with RH of the atmosphere, those of Z. jujuba, however, had a higher correlation with air temperature. V(cmax) of both J. regia and Z. jujuba had negative correlation with RH of the atmosphere. WUE of J. regia would decrease with the rise of the air temperature while that of Z. jujuba increased. Thus it could be seen that RH, temperature and soil moisture had main effect on photosynthesis and WUE of J. regia and Z. jujuba. Incorporating data on the physiological differences among tree species into forest carbon models will greatly improve our ability to predict alterations to the forest carbon budgets under various environmental scenarios such as global climate change, or with differing species composition.


Assuntos
Meio Ambiente , Juglans/fisiologia , Fotossíntese , Estações do Ano , Água/metabolismo , Ziziphus/fisiologia , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Juglans/efeitos da radiação , Luz , Fotossíntese/efeitos da radiação , Transpiração Vegetal/efeitos da radiação , Análise de Regressão , Ziziphus/efeitos da radiação
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