Efficacy of decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft in the regeneration of small osseous defect: A comparative study.

AIM: To access the efficacy of decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in the regeneration of bone following small osseous defect in minor oral surgery. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the ability of DFDBA to enhance the rate of wound healing and assess radiographic bone density, pain, and infection preoperatively and postoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with cysts were assessed. Ten patients were filled with DFDBA (Group 1) and ten without bone graft (Group 2), respectively. Radiographic bone density was assessed on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative radiographs on 1st day, 3rd month, and at 6th month using Adobe Photoshop CS6 - Grayscale histogram. RESULTS: Bone density in Group 1 was found to be significantly higher than in Group 2 on 3rd and 6th month postoperatively with a P = 0.024 and P = 0.016 which was statistically significant. The percentage increase in bone density between both the group was determined and yielded no difference over a period of time, but the difference in percentage increase was markedly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 at all the time intervals. CONCLUSION: Bone formed as depicted by bone density is significantly higher when DFDBA is used in small bony defects.

A prospective study to assess the levels of interleukin-6 following administration of diclofenac, ketorolac and tramadol after surgical removal of lower third molars.

INTRODUCTION: The surgical removal of impacted third molars involves, trauma to soft and bony tissue and can result in considerable pain, swelling, and trismus. The greater the amount of tissue injury the greater is the amount of inflammation in the perisurgical region. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is both a pro inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate the immune response. IL-6 is also an early marker of tissue damage. In addition to NSAIDs, corticosteroids, opioids also have immunomodulatory effects. AIM: To evaluate the changes in serum IL-6 levels following surgical removal of third molars under local anaesthesia after administration of two NSAIDs diclofenac and ketorolac and opioid tramadol post operatively. METHODS: Patients undergoing surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar teeth were randomly assigned to three groups. Each group received one of the three analgesics viz diclofenac 50 mg, ketorolac 10 mg and tramadol 50 mg. The mean levels of IL-6 was then estimated by ELISA. RESULTS: The results of our study showed that all three drugs i.e. diclofenac, ketorolac and tramadol have properties which can downregulate the production of IL-6 in response to surgical trauma. CONCLUSION: It is of clinical significance that the suppression of IL-6 values occurs in tramadol group closely following the diclofenac group. Even though the drug ketorolac suppresses the IL-6 levels similar to diclofenac initially but after 7 days tramadol and ketorolac showed similarities in suppression of IL-6 expression which is less compared to diclofenac group.