Colonoscopy and colonography: back to the roots.

"Colonoscopy" and "colonography" refer to the endoscopic and radiological examination of the colon respectively. Medical terminology constructs words using original roots from the source languages, which are often Greek or Latin. The word root is the fundamental portion of the term. Multiplication of modern tests and procedures has led to confusion in the application of word roots in medical terminology. This short review (1) analyzes, (2) challenges the established terms "colonoscopy" and "colonography", and (3) proposes a wording adherent to the rules of terminology in order to avoid confusion.

Cardiac hypertrophy and how it may break an athlete's heart--the Cypriot case.

AIMS: This is a case report of an athlete whose professional football career was transiently terminated because of the presumed diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS: The diagnosis was based on electrocardiographic repolarisation changes. The ECGs, treadmill exercise tests (Bruce protocol) and echo examinations at the time of his active training and several years after termination of his professional career are discussed. No hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was documented by ultrasound examination. CONCLUSIONS: The distinction between physiological athlete's heart and pathological conditions has critical implications for professional athletes. Criteria and guidelines for screening of athletes in competitive sports are recommended.