HEXACO personality factors as predictors of physical activity, resting heart rate, body mass index, and healthy lifestyle behaviors.

BACKGROUND: Personality traits are known factors that may influence levels of physical activity and other healthy lifestyle measures and behaviors that ultimately lead to health problems later in life. Participants And Procedure: The aim of this study was to examine the association between personality traits (HEXACO) and levels of physical activity and resting heart rate (RHR) - measured using Fitbits, BMI, and a self-reported whole-person healthy lifestyle score for N = 2580 college students. Data were collected and analyzed for students enrolled in a University Success type course from August 2017 to May 2021. The relationships between HEXACO personality traits and various physical activity and healthy lifestyle behaviors were analyzed by building several multiple regression models using R version 4.0.2. Results: In general, students who are extraverted were more physically active and students who are more open to experience had a higher RHR, even when controlling for gender. Females and males however had different profiles as to how personality influenced physical activity and other health-related measures. Male extraverts with high negative emotionality scores tend to be more physically active, whereas females tend to be more physically active when they were high in extroversion and conscientiousness, and low in openness to experience. BMI values were higher for female participants with high honesty-humility and low agreeableness and conscientiousness scores. Females also had a lower RHR for high honesty-humility and emotionality and low conscientiousness scores. CONCLUSIONS: Personality can influence levels of physical activity, RHR, and BMI. This is especially true of women. Being aware of one's personality and the relationship of personality traits to levels of physical activity and other measures of leading a healthy lifestyle can be beneficial in determining strategies to improve long-term health outcomes.

Modified cranial closing wedge ostectomy in 25 dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the planning of a modified cranial closing wedge ostectomy (mCCWO) and determine the accuracy of execution without intraoperative jigs or alignment guides. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Twenty-five client-owned dogs (32 stifles) with cranial cruciate ligament disease. METHODS: Medical records of dogs treated with mCCWO between July 2014 and December 2016 were reviewed. Preoperative, postoperative, and 8-week-recheck radiographs were reviewed to measure changes in the conformation of the proximal tibia. The accuracy of execution was assessed by comparing planned and actual postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA) and the lengths of bone contact along osteotomy lines. Radiographic healing and clinical outcome were subjectively evaluated 8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Preoperative planning of mCCWO decreased the cranial wedge length by a mean of 23% compared with the traditional CCWO planning. Mean TPA decreased from 40.69 ° (range 28-63) to 6.94 ° (range 2-20) after surgery (P < .001). Mean tibial length decreased by 0.5 mm (±0.16, P = .003), from 138 mm (range 65-267) to 137.5 mm (range 65-265) after mCCWO. The tibial long axis (TLA) shifted by a mean of 3.47 ° (range 0-10). Planned and actual postoperative TPA differed by -0.66 ° (±0.47, P = .034). The proximal and distal apposing osteotomies differed in length by 1.81 mm (±0.35). No bone healing complications or implant failures were diagnosed, and all dogs returned to subjectively satisfactory function by 8 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSION: The preoperative planning and methods of execution of the mCCWO resulted in differences in target TPA and postoperative TPA, differences in lengths of proximal and distal osteotomies, and tibial shortening that did not appear clinically significant in this study. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: mCCWO can be planned and accurately executed without consideration of TLA shift or the intraoperative use of alignment guides or jigs.

Metabolic derangement and cardiac injury early after reperfusion following intermittent cross-clamp fibrillation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery using conventional or miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass.

Myocardial ischemic stress and early reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operated on using intermittent cross-clamp fibrillation (ICCF) are not presently known. The role of mini-cardiopulmonary bypass (mCPB) versus conventional CPB (cCPB) during ICCF has not been investigated. These issues have been addressed as secondary objective of randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN30610605) comparing cCPB and mCPB. Twenty-six patients undergoing primary elective CABG using ICCF were randomised to either cCPB or mCPB. Paired left ventricular biopsies collected from 21 patients at the beginning and at the end of CPB were used to measure intracellular substrates (ATP and related compounds). Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and CK-MB levels were measured in plasma collected from all patients preoperatively and after 1, 30, 60, 120, and 300 min after institution of CPB. ICCF was associated with significant ischemic stress as seen by fall in energy-rich phosphates early after reperfusion. There was also a fall in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) indicating cardiomyocyte death which was confirmed by early release of cTnT and CK-MB during CPB. Ischemic stress and early myocardial injury were similar for cCPB and mCPB. However, the overall cardiac injury was significantly lower in the mCPB group as measured by cTnT (mean ± SEM: 96 ± 14 vs. 59 ± 8 µg/l, p = 0.02), but not with CK-MB. ICCF is associated with significant metabolic derangement and early myocardial injury. This early outcome was not affected by the CPB technique. However, the overall cardiac injury was lower for mCPB only when measured using cTnT.

CDKN2B expression in adipose tissue of familial combined hyperlipidemia patients.

The purpose of this study was to determine the core biological processes perturbed in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) patients. Annotation of FCHL and control microarray datasets revealed a distinctive FCHL transcriptome, characterized by gene expression changes regulating five overlapping systems: the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and extracellular matrix; vesicular trafficking; lipid homeostasis; and cell cycle and apoptosis. Expression values for the cell-cycle inhibitor CDKN2B were increased, replicating data from an independent FCHL cohort. In 3T3-L1 cells, CDKN2B knockdown induced C/EBPα expression and lipid accumulation. The minor allele at SNP site rs1063192 (C) was predicted to create a perfect seed for the human miRNA-323b-5p. A miR-323b-5p mimic significantly reduced endogenous CDKN2B protein levels and the activity of a CDKN2B 3'UTR luciferase reporter carrying the rs1063192 C allele. Although the allele displayed suggestive evidence of association with reduced CDKN2B mRNA in the MuTHER adipose tissue dataset, family studies suggest the association between increased CDKN2B expression and FCHL-lipid abnormalities is driven by factors external to this gene locus. In conclusion, from a comparative annotation analysis of two separate FCHL adipose tissue transcriptomes and a subsequent focus on CDKN2B, we propose that dysfunctional adipogenesis forms an integral part of FCHL pathogenesis.

Pancreatic abscess in 36 dogs: a retrospective analysis of prognostic indicators.

Thirty-six dogs were diagnosed with pancreatic abscess by the presence of purulent exudate within the parenchyma of the pancreas during exploratory laparotomy. Data regarding history, physical examination findings, clinicopathological data, diagnostic imaging findings, bacteriological culture results, abdominal drainage technique, and perioperative treatment were evaluated for factors predictive of survival. Elevated blood urea nitrogen, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and rising bicarbonate ion concentration were each found to have statistically significant (P<0.05) influences on survival to discharge. Twenty-two (71%) of 36 dogs died or were euthanized prior to discharge from the hospital.

Microchimeric fetal cells cluster at sites of tissue injury in lung decades after pregnancy.

Fetal cells trafficking into maternal blood during pregnancy engraft tissues and persist for decades in marrow and bone. While persistent fetal cells were initially implicated in autoimmune disease, animal studies suggest that microchimeric fetal cells play a broader role in response to tissue injury. This study investigated whether fetal cells participate in tissue repair after human pregnancy. Specimens were obtained from women undergoing surgery for suspected lung cancer. Y-fluorescence in-situ hybridization was performed on paraffin-embedded sections, with the investigator blinded to medical histories. Male cells were identified in lung/thymus tissue from all women with known male pregnancies, but not in those without sons. The frequency of male microchimeric cells was seven-fold greater in lung/thymus tissues than marrow and was two-fold greater than normal bone from the same women. Nested-polymerase chain reaction for sex determining region Y confirmed male DNA in tissues. Male cells in lung were clustered in tumour rather than surrounding healthy tissues. In conclusion, male presumed-fetal cells were identified in pathological post-reproductive tissues, where they were more likely to be located in diseased tissues at several-fold higher frequency than normal tissues. It is suggested that fetal cells are present at sites of tissue injury and may be stem cells, either recruited from marrow or having proliferated locally.

Microchimerism in female bone marrow and bone decades after fetal mesenchymal stem-cell trafficking in pregnancy.

Fetal cells enter maternal blood during pregnancy and persist in women with autoimmune disease. The frequency of subsequent fetomaternal microchimerism in healthy women and its cell type is unknown. To test the hypothesis that fetal mesenchymal stem cells persist in maternal organs, we studied female bone marrow and ribs. Male cells were identified by XY fluorescence in-situ hybridisation in marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and in rib sections from all women with male pregnancies, but not in controls (9/9 vs 0/5, p=0.0005). We conclude that fetal stem cells transferred into maternal blood engraft in marrow, where they remain throughout life. This finding has implications for normal pregnancy, for obstetric complications that increase fetomaternal trafficking, and for graft survival after transplantation.