Infective endocarditis following transcatheter aortic valve replacement: comparison of balloon- versus self-expandable valves

BACKGROUND: No data exist about the characteristics of infective endocarditis (IE) post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) according to transcatheter valve type. We aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients with IE post-TAVR treated with balloon-expandable valve (BEV) versus self-expanding valve (SEV) systems. METHODS: Data from the multicenter Infectious Endocarditis After TAVR International Registry was used to compare IE patients with BEV versus SEV. RESULTS: A total of 245 patients with IE post-TAVR were included (SEV, 47%; BEV, 53%). The timing between TAVR and IE was similar between groups (SEV, 5.5 [1.2-15] months versus BEV, 5.3 [1.7-11.4] months; P=0.89). Enterococcal IE was more frequent in the SEV group (36.5% versus 15.4%; P<0.01), and vegetation location differed according to valve type (stent frame, SEV, 18.6%; BEV, 6.9%; P=0.01; valve leaflet, SEV, 23.9%; BEV, 38.5%; P=0.01). BEV recipients had a higher rate of stroke/systemic embolism (20.0% versus 8.7%, adjusted OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.04-5.82, P=0.04). Surgical explant of the transcatheter valve (SEV, 8.7%; BEV, 13.8%; P=0.21), and in-hospital death at the time of IE episode (SEV, 35.6%; BEV, 37.7%; P=0.74) were similar between groups. After a mean follow-up of 13±12 months, 59.1% and 54.6% of the SEV and BEV recipients, respectively, had died (P=0.66). CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of IE post-TAVR, including microorganism type, vegetation location, and embolic complications but not early or late mortality, differed according to valve type. These results may help to guide the diagnosis and management of IE and inform future research studies in the field. (AU)

Pregnancy-associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection: insights from a case series of 13 patients.

AIMS: We sought to present a series of 13 pregnancy-associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection (P-SCAD), their angiographic and multimodal imaging findings, acute phase treatment, and outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between 2005 and 2015, 13 cases of P-SCAD were collected from a database of 11 tertiary hospitals. The mean age was 33.8 ± 3.7 years; most patients had no risk factors for coronary artery disease, and the majority were multiparous. P-SCAD occurred during the puerperium in 12 patients with a median time of 10 days. Only one patient presented with P-SCAD in the 37th week of pregnancy, and she was the only patient who died in this series. Six patients (46%) presented with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI), six (46%) presented with non-STEMI, and one presented with unstable angina; one-third of women had cardiogenic shock. In 12 patients, the dissection involved the left anterior descending or circumflex artery, and it extended to the left main coronary artery in 6 patients. Intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography helped to confirm diagnosis and guide treatment in 46% of cases. Seven women were managed clinically; percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in five cases, and coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in one patient. CONCLUSION: In these 13 cases of P-SCAD, clinical presentation commonly included acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. Multivessel dissections and involvement of the left coronary artery and left main coronary artery were highly prevalent. Clinicians must be aware of angiographic appearances of P-SCAD for prompt diagnosis and management in these high-risk patients.

Pregnancy-associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection: insights from a case series of 13 patients

AIMS: We sought to present a series of 13 pregnancy-associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection (P-SCAD), their angiographic and multimodal imaging findings, acute phase treatment, and outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between 2005 and 2015, 13 cases of P-SCAD were collected from a database of 11 tertiary hospitals. The mean age was 33.8 ± 3.7 years; most patients had no risk factors for coronary artery disease, and the majority were multiparous. P-SCAD occurred during the puerperium in 12 patients with a median time of 10 days. Only one patient presented with P-SCAD in the 37th week of pregnancy, and she was the only patient who died in this series. Six patients (46%) presented with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI), six (46%) presented with non-STEMI, and one presented with unstable angina; one-third of women had cardiogenic shock. In 12 patients, the dissection involved the left anterior descending or circumflex artery, and it extended to the left main coronary artery in 6 patients. Intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography helped to confirm diagnosis and guide treatment in 46% of cases. Seven women were managed clinically; percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in five cases, and coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in one patient...

Association Between Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Subsequent Infective Endocarditis and In-Hospital Death.

IMPORTANCE: Limited data exist on clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients who had infective endocarditis after undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). OBJECTIVE: To determine the associated factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients who had infective endocarditis after TAVR. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Infectious Endocarditis after TAVR International Registry included patients with definite infective endocarditis after TAVR from 47 centers from Europe, North America, and South America between June 2005 and October 2015. EXPOSURE: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for incidence of infective endocarditis and infective endocarditis for in-hospital mortality. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Infective endocarditis and in-hospital mortality after infective endocarditis. RESULTS: A total of 250 cases of infective endocarditis occurred in 20 006 patients after TAVR (incidence, 1.1% per person-year; 95% CI, 1.1%-1.4%; median age, 80 years; 64% men). Median time from TAVR to infective endocarditis was 5.3 months (interquartile range [IQR], 1.5-13.4 months). The characteristics associated with higher risk of progressing to infective endocarditis after TAVR was younger age (78.9 years vs 81.8 years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.97 per year; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99), male sex (62.0% vs 49.7%; HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.13-2.52), diabetes mellitus (41.7% vs 30.0%; HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.02-2.29), and moderate to severe aortic regurgitation (22.4% vs 14.7%; HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.28-3.28). Health care-associated infective endocarditis was present in 52.8% (95% CI, 46.6%-59.0%) of patients. Enterococci species and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequently isolated microorganisms (24.6%; 95% CI, 19.1%-30.1% and 23.3%; 95% CI, 17.9%-28.7%, respectively). The in-hospital mortality rate was 36% (95% CI, 30.0%-41.9%; 90 deaths; 160 survivors), and surgery was performed in 14.8% (95% CI, 10.4%-19.2%) of patients during the infective endocarditis episode. In-hospital mortality was associated with a higher logistic EuroSCORE (23.1% vs 18.6%; odds ratio [OR], 1.03 per 1% increase; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05), heart failure (59.3% vs 23.7%; OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.74-6.45), and acute kidney injury (67.4% vs 31.6%; OR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.42-5.11). The 2-year mortality rate was 66.7% (95% CI, 59.0%-74.2%; 132 deaths; 115 survivors). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients undergoing TAVR, younger age, male sex, history of diabetes mellitus, and moderate to severe residual aortic regurgitation were significantly associated with an increased risk of infective endocarditis. Patients who developed endocarditis had high rates of in-hospital mortality and 2-year mortality.

Angioplastia renal transluminal percutânea no tratamento da hipertensäo renovascular / Percutaneous Transluminal Renal Angioplasty for Treatment of Renovascular Hypertension

Objetivo - Avaliar o efeito da angioplastia renal transluminal percutânea (ARTP) no tratamento da hipertensäo renovascular. Métodos - Foram avaliados 23 pacientes com estenose da artéria renal e hipertensäo arterial submetidos à tentativa de ARTP. Onze indivíduos eram do sexo masculino e 12 do feminino com idades que variaram de 10 a 78 anos (45,8 ñ 17,41). Vinte Lesöes eram ateroscleróticas, 7 por displasia fibromuscular e 1 por arterite de Takayasu. Em 3 casos a dilataçäo foi bilateral e em 2 foi repetida por reestenose. Dois pacientes apresentavam insuficiencia renal aguda por estenose crítica das artérias renais. Resultados - Obteve-se sucesso técnico em 21 dos 25 procedimentos. Após 20 dilataçöes satisfatórias seguiu-se o sucesso clínico em 17(100// das lesöes por displasia fibromuscular e 77// das ateroscleróticas). A reduçäo da pressäo arterial diastólica após a ARTP foi estatisticamente significante (p<0,001). Nos dois casos de insuficiência renal aguda houve normalizaçäo da funçäo renal com a angioplastia. Ocorreram 2 complicaçöes e nenhum óbito foi relacionado ao procedimento. Conclusäo - O método foi eficaz e seguro no tratamento da hipertensäo renovascular no acompanhamento a curto prazo. Foi possível reverter a insuficiência renal aguda com a ARTP em 2 pacientes

Purpose - To analyze the effect of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) in renovascular hypertension. Methods - Twenty-three patients with renal artery stenosis and arterial hypertension underwent PTRA. There were 11 male an 12 female, 19 to 78 years old (45.8±17.41). In 20 lesions the diagnosis was atherosclerosis, in 7 fibromuscular dysplasia and in 1 Takayasu artheritis. Three patients underwent bilateral dilatation and 2 patients repeated the procedure due to reestenosis. Two patients presented with acute renal failure and severe bilateral renal artery stenosis. Results - There were 21 technical success in 25 procedures. After 20 satisfatory dilatations, clinical success followed in 17 (100% of cases of fibromascular dysplasia cases and 77% of atherosclerosis. The fall in diastolic arterial pressure after PTRA was statistical significant (p<0.001). In two cases acute renal failure the renal function became normal after angioplasty. There were 2 complications and no death attributed to PTRA. Conclusion - The method was effective and safe in the management of renovascular hypertension during the short-term follow-up. It was possible in two cases of acute renal failure to normalize renal function

Angioplastia de aorta distal e artérias ilíaca, femoral, poplítea, renal e subclávia: resultados imediatos e tardios / Distal aorta, femoral, poplietal, renal and subclavian percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. early and late results

Estudar os resultados da angioplastia periférica a longo prazo. Entre agosto de 1981 e agosto de 1989 foram aplicadas 33 angioplastias periféricas em 27 pacientes. Houve sucesso em 29 procedimentos, dilataçäo insuficiente em 1 e falha de passagem nos demais 3,2 dos quais submetidos a novo procedimento com modificaçäo técnica ou outra via de acesso, obtendo'se em ambos sucesso. Houve portanto sucesso em 88% dos procedimentos e atingiu'se o objetivo em 25 (93%) dos pacientes. Foram dilatadas 34 obstruçöes, sendo 12 em artéria renal, 12 em ilíaca primitiva; 4 em ilíaca externa, 3 em femoral superficial, 1 em poplítea, 1 em subclávia e, finalmente, 1 em poplítea, 1 em aorta distal. Na evoluçäo, houve uma reestenose de artéria renal, que foi redilatada, 1 oclusäo de ilíaca primitiva representando 9% das dilataçöes de ilíaca primitiva e 6% do total de obstruçöes de ilíacas dilatadas e oclusäo de poplítea. No geral, das 34 obstruçöes dilatadas, tivemos uma patência até de 2 meses de 91%. A angioplastia periférica mostrou-se método efetivo, com alívio sintomático epersistência dos bons resultados a longo prazo

Trombólise no infarto agudo do miocárdio: aspectos clínicos e sequência terapêutica / Thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: clinical and therapeutic aspects

Foram estudados 32 pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio, submetidos a infusäo venosa de estreptoquinase (SK). Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com o intervalo entre o início dos sintomas e a administraçäo da SK (Delta t). O grupo I com Delta T menor ou igual a 4 horas apresentou o índice de reperfusäo de 85,7% e o grupo II com Delta t superior a 4 horas teve 81,8% de vasos recanalizados. Procedimentos seqüências ao uso do trombolítico configuram-se como: a) angioplastia percutânea transluminal coronária (APTC) em dez pacientes, b) cirurgia de revascularizaçäo miocárdica (RM) em outros dez pacientes. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 3,1%. Näo houve complicaçöes graves ao uso da SK. O uso da SK - IV parece ser seguro e eficaz como parte do tratamento em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio com menos de 6 horas de evoluçäo

Valvoplastia mitral por via transeptal: resultados e experiência do primeiro ano / Transseptal mitral balloon valvuloplasty: results and experience of the first year

Foram realizados, no período de 6 de julho de 1987 a 24 de agosto de 1988, 9 procedimentos, visando a valvoplastia mitral em 7 pacientes, tendo sido realizada a valvoplastia mitral com sucesso em 4 dos pacientes com importante aumento da área valvar. Em 1 paciente utilizou-se 1 baläo de 20 mm de diâmetro para realizar a valvoplastia enquanto nos 3 outros utilizou-se a técnica de duplo-baläo, utilizando-se 1 baläo de 20 mm e 1 de 15 mm. Em 1 dos pacientes, com valva mitral. Dos 4 pacientes que eram importantemente sintomáticos 3 estäo assintomáticos e o outro, que ficou com insuficiência mitral de moderada a severa permanenceu estacionário do ponto de vista sintomático. Os autores concluem pela eficácia da valvoplastia mitral percutânea no tratamento da estenose mitral, tendo-se obtido aumento significativo da área valvar mitral e manutençäo do resultados obtidos durante a evoluçäo do primeiro ano

Infarto agudo do miocárdio após inalaçäo de cocaína / Acute myocardial infarction after cocaine inalation

Síndromes isquêmicas e infarto agudo do miocárdio ocorrem desde minutos a horas após uso de cocaína. Os autores relatam um caso de infarto agudo do miocárdio em um paciente jovem, possivelmente relacionado a inalaçäo de cocaína. A cinecoronariografia mostrou uma diminuiçäo discreta do calibre da artéria relacionada a área infartada. Os fatores desencadeantes prováveis säo o espasmo coronário e/ou trombose. Os autores chamam atençäo da necessidade de pesquisar a utilizaçäo da cocaína e seus derivados em pacientes jovens com quadro de insuficiência coronária aguda