Niveles de capnometría como indicador de evolución de injerto renal de donantes en asistolia no controlada / Capnometry levels as an indicator of renal graft evolution in uncontrolled non-heart beating donors

OBJETIVO: Los valores de capnometría durante la resucitación son un factor predictor de la evolución de los riñones obtenidos a partir de donantes en asistolia no controlada. DISEÑO: Cohorte de comienzo retrospectivo de 37 donantes en asistolia y cohorte de validación de 55 trasplantados de riñón, entre 2013-2017. Ámbito: Población atendida por el servicio de urgencias y derivada al Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, como potenciales donantes en asistolia no controlada. PACIENTES: Cincuenta y cinco trasplantados renales con hemodiálisis, procedentes de donantes en asistolia no controlada. INTERVENCIONES: Determinaciones de capnometría y capnografía en pacientes candidatos a donación en asistolia no controlada. Variables: Calores de capnometría inicial y en el momento de la transferencia en el hospital para su comparación con la viabilidad de los riñones extraídos; fallo renal y retraso en función renal. RESULTADOS: Treinta y siete potenciales donantes de los que se consiguen 30 utilizados, de los cuales se trasplantan 55 riñones. El resto de ellos fueron descartados por mala perfusión o signos de isquemia. Se encontró una asociación (p = 0,016) entre valores de capnometría durante la resucitación en los donantes utilizados (μ, = 22,8 mmHg) frente a los donantes no utilizados para el trasplante (μ, = 17,35 mmHg). CONCLUSIONES: Se ha demostrado que los valores de capnometría durante las maniobras de resucitación ofrecen un marcador a tener en cuenta en relación con la viabilidad de los órganos a trasplantar en la donación en asistolia no controlada

OBJECTIVE: The capnometry values during resuscitation are an evolutive predictor of kidneys obtained from uncontrolled non-heart beating donors. DESIGN: The study comprised a retrospective onset cohort of 37 non-heart beating donors and a validation cohort of 55 trasplanted kidneys in the period 2013-2017. Scope: The population served by the emergency service and referred to Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre (Madrid, Spain) as potential uncontrolled non-heart beating donors. PATIENTS: A total of 55 renal transplant patients subjected to hemodialysis and with grafts from uncontrolled non-heart beating donors. INTERVENTIONS: Capnometry and capnography measurements in potential uncontrolled non-heart beating donors. Variables: Capnometry values recorded initially and at transfer in hospital for comparison with the viability of the extracted kidneys; renal failure and delayed renal function. RESULTS: A total of 55 out of 74 extracted kidneys were trasplanted (74.3%). The rest were ruled out due to poor perfusion or signs of ischemia. An association was observed (P = .016) between the capnometry values during resuscitation in the grafted kidneys (μ = 22.8 mmHg) and in the kidneys discarded for transplantation (μ = 17.35 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: Capnometry during resuscitation serves as a marker to be taken into account in relation to the viability of the trasplanted organs in uncontrolled non-heart beating donors

Capnometry levels as an indicator of renal graft evolution in uncontrolled non-heart beating donors. / Niveles de capnometría como indicador de evolución de injerto renal de donantes en asistolia no controlada.

OBJECTIVE: The capnometry values during resuscitation are an evolutive predictor of kidneys obtained from uncontrolled non-heart beating donors. DESIGN: The study comprised a retrospective onset cohort of 37 non-heart beating donors and a validation cohort of 55 trasplanted kidneys in the period 2013-2017. SCOPE: The population served by the emergency service and referred to Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre (Madrid, Spain) as potential uncontrolled non-heart beating donors. PATIENTS: A total of 55 renal transplant patients subjected to hemodialysis and with grafts from uncontrolled non-heart beating donors. INTERVENTIONS: Capnometry and capnography measurements in potential uncontrolled non-heart beating donors. VARIABLES: Capnometry values recorded initially and at transfer in hospital for comparison with the viability of the extracted kidneys; renal failure and delayed renal function. RESULTS: A total of 55 out of 74 extracted kidneys were trasplanted (74.3%). The rest were ruled out due to poor perfusion or signs of ischemia. An association was observed (P=.016) between the capnometry values during resuscitation in the grafted kidneys (µ=22.8 mmHg) and in the kidneys discarded for transplantation (µ=17.35 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: Capnometry during resuscitation serves as a marker to be taken into account in relation to the viability of the trasplanted organs in uncontrolled non-heart beating donors.

Donantes en asistolia no controlada (tipos I-II) con recirculación normotérmica versus donantes en muerte cerebral: evaluación de resultados funcionales y supervivencia / Uncontrolled non-heartbeating donors (types I-II) with normothermic recirculation vs. heartbeating donors: Evaluation of functional results and survival

Objetivo: El donante en asistolia (DA) es una alternativa al donante en muerte cerebral (DMC). Nuestro objetivo es comparar los resultados funcionales y la supervivencia de riñones procedentes de DA y DMC. Material y métodos: Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo comparando los resultados de 236 riñones de DA tipos i y ii preservados en normotermia con 250 procedentes de DMC, trasplantados en nuestro centro entre 2005 y 2012. Se comprueba la homogeneidad entre grupos y evaluamos si la presencia de retraso en la función del injerto (RFI) de asocia a las variables pretrasplante de donante y receptor. Resultados: Ambos grupos muestran homogeneidad en las características pretrasplante en cuanto a: edad, incompatibilidades HLA, tiempo del receptor en hemodiálisis. El tiempo medio de seguimiento es de 33 meses (rango 0-87) los DA y 38 meses (rango 0-90) para DMC. Los DA mostraron un 5,5% de no función primaria (NFP) frente a un 4% en los DMC (p = 0,42) y un 80,9% de RFI frente a un 46,8% de los DMC (p < 0,001). Al final del seguimiento, no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la supervivencia del injerto (92,8% DA vs. 93,6% DMC, p = 0,71) y receptores (99,1% DA vs. 98,6% DMC, p = 0,28). Conclusiones: Aunque el porcentaje de RFI es mayor para los DA, tanto la creatinina final como la supervivencia del injerto y el receptor son similares para ambos grupos. Por tanto, en nuestra experiencia los riñones procedentes de DA tienen resultados similares a aquellos de DMC y constituyen una excelente fuente de órganos para trasplante

Objective: Non-heartbeating donors (NHBD) are an alternative to heartbeating donors (HBD). Our objective was to compare functional results and kidney survival from NHBDs and HBDs. Material and methods: A retrospective study comparing the results of 236 normothermically preserved kidneys from type i and ii type NHBDs with the results of 250 from HBDs that were transplanted in our center between 2005 and 2012. Homogeneity between groups was tested and we evaluated the presence of delayed graft function (DGF) associated with pretransplant variables of the donor and recipient. Results: Both groups show homogeneity in pretransplant characteristics in terms of: age, HLA incompatibilities, and recipient hemodialysis time. Average follow-up time was 33 months (range 0-87) for NHBDs and 38 months (range 0-90) for HBDs. 5.5% of NHBDs showed primary non-function (PNF) vs. 4% of HBDs(P=.42) and 80.9% of DGF vs. 46.8% of HBDs (P<.001). At the end of the follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences in the survival of grafts (92.8% for NHBD vs. 93.6% for HBD, P=.71) and recipients (99.1% NHBD vs. 98.6% HBD, P=.28). Conclusions: Although the DGF percentage was greater for NHBDs, final creatinine as well as graft and recipient survival were similar for both groups. Therefore, in our experience, kidneys from NHBDs have similar results to those from HBDs and are an excellent source of organs for transplantation

Uncontrolled non-heartbeating donors (types i-ii) with normothermic recirculation vs. heartbeating donors: evaluation of functional results and survival.

OBJECTIVE: Non-heartbeating donors (NHBD) are an alternative to heartbeating donors (HBD). Our objective was to compare functional results and kidney survival from NHBDs and HBDs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study comparing the results of 236 normothermically preserved kidneys from type i and ii type NHBDs with the results of 250 from HBDs that were transplanted in our center between 2005 and 2012. Homogeneity between groups was tested and we evaluated the presence of delayed graft function (DGF) associated with pretransplant variables of the donor and recipient. RESULTS: Both groups show homogeneity in pretransplant characteristics in terms of: age, HLA incompatibilities, and recipient hemodialysis time. Average follow-up time was 33 months (range 0-87) for NHBDs and 38 months (range 0-90) for HBDs. 5.5% of NHBDs showed primary non-function (PNF) vs. 4% of HBDs (P=.42) and 80.9% of DGF vs. 46.8% of HBDs (P<.001). At the end of the follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences in the survival of grafts (92.8% for NHBD vs. 93.6% for HBD, P=.71) and recipients (99.1% NHBD vs. 98.6% HBD, P=.28). CONCLUSIONS: Although the DGF percentage was greater for NHBDs, final creatinine as well as graft and recipient survival were similar for both groups. Therefore, in our experience, kidneys from NHBDs have similar results to those from HBDs and are an excellent source of organs for transplantation.

Dual kidney transplantation involving organs from expanded criteria donors: a review of our series and an update on current indications.

BACKGROUND: Our purpose was to review our kidney transplantation program based on the use of expanded criteria donors, and to determine current indications for dual kidney transplantation (DKT). In 1996, a program was initiated to transplant kidneys from donors of over 60 years performing single or dual transplantation. METHODS: In 1996, a program was initiated to transplant kidneys from donors of over 60 years performing single or dual transplantation. DKT were performed with donors >75 and donors between 60 and 74 years of age and glomerulosclerosis of >15%. The kidneys of donors between 60 and 74 years of age and with glomerulosclerosis of <15% were used for single kidney transplantation (SKT). In 2005, we started to perform SKT despite glomerulosclerosis being >15%, taking into account donor and recipient characteristics. RESULTS: From 1996 to 2004, 222 SKTs and 88 DKTs were performed. Graft survival after 1 and 4 years was, respectively, 91% and 78% for SKT and 95% and 79% for DKT. In 2005, we started to perform SKT despite glomerulosclerosis being >15%, taking into account donor and recipient characteristics. From 2005 to 2011, 328 SKT and 32 DKT were performed. During this period most kidneys used for DKT were from female donors >75 years old, weighing <65 kg, with a creatinine of >1 mg/dL and glomerulosclerosis of >15%. The recipients for DKT were mostly male, <70 years old and whose weight was >75 kg. CONCLUSION: DKT from expanded criteria donors shows good outcomes. However, in many cases SKT may fulfill the need of the recipient. The archetype for DKT is an older female weighing <65 kg and the most common recipient is an overweight male who is <70 years old.

Spanish consensus document for acceptance and rejection of kidneys from expanded criteria donors.

In the recent years, more than 60% of available deceased donors are either older than 50 yr or have significant vascular comorbidities. This makes the acceptance and rejection criteria of renal allografts very rigorous, especially in cases of younger recipients, and at the same time encourages live donations. In our country, there is a lack of homogeneity in the percentages of use of expanded criteria donor (ECD) allografts between the different autonomous communities. Furthermore, the criteria vary greatly, and in some cases, great importance is given to the biopsy while in others very little. In this study, we present a unified and homogenous criteria agreed upon by consensus of a 10-member Panel representing major scientific societies related to renal transplantation in Spain. The criteria are to be used in accepting and/or rejecting kidneys from the so-called ECDs. The goal was to standardize the use of these organs, to optimize the results, and most importantly to provide for the maximum well being of our patients. Finally, we believe that after taking into account the Panel's thorough review of specific scientific literature, this document will be adaptable to other national renal transplant programmes.

Traslado en helicóptero de donantes tras muerte cardiaca / Helicopter transport of cardiac death donors

Objetivo: Describir el traslado en helicóptero de potenciales donantes tras muerte cardiaca y comparar sus resultados con el traslado terrestre. Método: Se revisan todos los traslados en helicóptero desde 2005 hasta 2009 (53 meses).Resultados: La edad fue de 36 años, y la mayoría hombres (89%). El tiempo medio de llegada al hospital fue de 114 minutos. Se extrajeron 24 riñones, 5 hígados, 5 tejidos corneales, 4 tejidos óseos y 1 pulmón (2,6 órganos o tejidos por donante). La evolución posterior de estos injertos fue similar que la de los procedentes de los donantes trasladados por vía terrestre, y en concreto se obtuvo una tasa de no función primaria del 11% y una supervivencia del receptor a los dos años del 94%. Conclusión: El rendimiento en los donantes trasladados en helicóptero es similar al delos donantes trasladados por vía terrestre (AU)

Since 2005 helicopters have been used to transport potential donors after cardiac death. This study aims to describe this means of transport and compare outcomes to those for donors transported over land. Helicopter transfers during a 53-month period were included. Fifteen were carried out. The mean donor age was 36 years; most were men (89%). The mean duration of flights was 113 minutes and 46 seconds. Twenty-four kidneys, 5 livers, 5 corneas, 4 bone grafts, and 1lung were recovered (mean of 2.6 organs or tissues per donor). The outcomes for these grafts were similar to those for tissues and organs from donors transported over land. The rate of primary graft failure of kidneys from helicopter transporteddonors was 11% and the rate of 2-year survival of recipients was 94%. These rates are also similar to those for land-transferred donors (AU)

Análisis de cuatro años de funcionamiento de un programa de donante a corazón parado extrahospitalario / Prehospital non-heart-beating donors: 4 years’ experience of the SUMMA112 emergency service

Objetivo: El Servicio de Urgencias Médicas de Madrid SUMMA112 está integrado en un programa de donación de órganos de pacientes con una parada cardiorrespiratoria (PCR) extrahospitalaria que no responden a las maniobras de reanimación cardiopulmonar(RCP) avanzada. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el cumplimiento de los tiempos del programa, la proporción de donantes, las características de los donantes y no donantes y el número de órganos obtenidos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los donantes y órganos obtenidos durante 4 años (2005-2009) que se basa en la revisión de las historias clínicas. Se recogen los siguientes datos: edad, sexo, tiempo de llegada a la asistencia, tiempo de llegada al hospital, número total de órganos donados, tipo de órgano donado y la no donación si ésta existiera. Resultados: Se recogieron un total de 132 casos, 85% varones. La edad media fue de 40 años. El tiempo medio de llegada a la escena fue de 14 minutos y 52 segundos y al hospital fue de 91 minutos. Se consiguieron 356 órganos procedentes de 96 donantes válidos (158 riñones, 16 hígados, 97 córneas, 72 tejidos óseos y 13 pulmones; 3,7 órganos por paciente). El 27,3% de los pacientes fueron no válidos. No hay diferencia entre los donantes válidos y no válidos en la edad y el sexo. Las causas para la no donación fueron el fallo en la circulación extracorpórea (8,3%), la negativa familiar (13,9%) o del propio paciente en vida (2,8%), la causa biológica (44,4%) y otros (30,6%). Conclusión: Un programa de estas características consigue un número de órganos para trasplante muy importante que ayuda a disminuir las listas de espera (AU)

Background and objective: The emergency medical service of Madrid (SUMMA112) participates in a program to facilitate organ donation from patients in cardiorespiratory arrest who do not respond to advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers before arriving at the hospital. Patients who meet the criteria for inclusion are transferred to a transplant unit for extraction of organs while resuscitation maneuvers continue. The aim of this study was to determine time intervals under the program, the percentage of donors, the characteristics of donors and non donors, and the number of organs obtained. Material and methods: Descriptive, retrospective study of donors and organs obtained through the participation of SUMMA112 in the donation program over a 4-year period (2005-2009), based on review of medical records. The following data were extracted: age, sex, time until arrival of the ambulance, time until arrival at the hospital, number of organs donated, and type of organ donated. We also recorded the reason for not donating: patient refusal, family refusal, pump failure, biologically nonviable state, and other. Results: A total of 132 cases (85% male) were found. The mean age of patients was 40 years. The mean time until arrival of emergency caregivers at the scene was 14 minutes, 55 seconds. The mean time until arrival at the hospital was 92 minutes. Three hundred fifty-six organs (158 kidneys, 16 livers, 97 corneas, 72 bone tissues, and 13 lungs) were obtained, corresponding to 2.3 organs per patient; 27.3% of the patients were nonviable donors. There were no age or sex differences between viable and nonviable donors. Reasons for not donating were failure of extracorporeal circulation (8.3%), refusal of(..) (AU)