Evaluating the Adaptation Process of Sandfly Fauna to Anthropized Environments in a Leishmaniasis Transmission Area in the Brazilian Amazon.

Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) are vectors of several etiological agents of human and animal diseases, including protozoans of the gender Leishmania. Precarious socioeconomic conditions and uncontrolled population growth directly influence the transmission risk of parasites and the urbanization of vector species, previously restricted to wild environments. The Marajó Archipelago is considered a high incidence area of leishmaniasis in the Brazilian Amazon. However, it is poorly studied. The aim of this study was to assess the adaptation processes of phlebotomine species to anthropized environments in this region. For this purpose, the phlebotomine fauna was compared between three municipalities of the Marajó Archipelago: Anajás, Portel, and São Sebastião da Boa Vista. To survey the phlebotomine fauna, CDC (Center for Disease Control) light traps were installed in the wild areas and in the intra and peridomiciliary areas of rural and urban environments. The environments studied presented a diversified phlebotomine fauna, with higher richness in the wild environment (15 species), followed by the rural (seven species), and finally, the urban environment (three species). A migration of wild fauna to the adjacent anthropized areas (rural environment) and to urban areas was observed, evidencing the adaptation process of this vector to anthropized environments in the studied region. Thus, our study evidenced that the disorganized human occupation and utilization of the landscape might cause the invasion of urban areas by wild populations of phlebotomines, in this way enabling the settlement of urban leishmaniasis transmission cycles.

Redescription of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) renei Martins, Falcão & Silva, 1957 (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae).

The male genitalia of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) renei (Martins, Falcão & Silva, 1957) have four bristles, three fine and one semi-foliaceous, inserted basomesally on the gonocoxite. Nonetheless, in the original description and in other taxonomic studies, these bristles have been illustrated and described in varying formats. In order to clarify the morphology of this species, both sexes are here redescribed based on three males and one female from the type series. A lectotype and two paralectotypes are here designated.

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The phlebotomine sand fly fauna of the State of Minas Gerais is presented based on an extensive review of the literature. The fauna, which is a rich one, is currently known to consist of at least 93 species included in 16 genera. The genus Evandromyia (16 spp.) is the most representative one, followed by Micropygomyia (13 spp.), Psathyromyia (12 spp.), Brumptomyia (11 spp.), Pintomyia (9 spp.), Lutzomyia (7 spp.), Psychodopygus (7 spp.), Martinsmyia (4 spp.), Nyssomyia (3 spp.), Deanemyia (2 spp.), Expapillata (2 spp.), Pressatia (2 spp.), and Sciopemyia (2 spp.). The genera Bichromomyia, Trichopygomyia, and Migonemyia are represented by only one species. An updated list of phlebotomine sand fly species occurring in Minas Gerais is provided. Finally, the importance of the species of public health concern is discussed.

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

The phlebotomine sand fly fauna of the State of Minas Gerais is presented based on an extensive review of the literature. The fauna, which is a rich one, is currently known to consist of at least 93 species included in 16 genera. The genus Evandromyia (16 spp.) is the most representative one, followed by Micropygomyia (13 spp.), Psathyromyia (12 spp.), Brumptomyia (11 spp.), Pintomyia (9 spp.), Lutzomyia (7 spp.), Psychodopygus (7 spp.), Martinsmyia (4 spp.), Nyssomyia (3 spp.), Deanemyia (2 spp.), Expapillata (2 spp.), Pressatia (2 spp.), and Sciopemyia (2 spp.). The genera Bichromomyia, Trichopygomyia, and Migonemyia are represented by only one species. An updated list of phlebotomine sand fly species occurring in Minas Gerais is provided. Finally, the importance of the species of public health concern is discussed.