Ultra-processed foods consumption among inmates in a women's prison in São Paulo, Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the consumption of ultra-processed foods among inmates in a women's prison in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2012/2013 with 1,013 female inmates. A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic, self-reported morbidity and healthy lifestyles and health-related behaviors data. The inmates' usual diet was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Foods were classified as either natural or minimally processed, processed or ultra-processed. RESULTS: Inmates age ranged from 18 to 65 years, 51.7% were black, 80.3% had children, 69.5% smoked, 47% were overweight/obese and half of them had high blood triglycerides. The prevalence of daily consumption of natural or minimally processed foods (rice, beans and cassava flour) was 87.7%. The prevalence of daily consumption of green leafy and other vegetables was 63.7%. Almost two-thirds reported consuming milk and fried chicken frequently. A high prevalence of daily consumption of ultra-processed foods was observed in this study. Hot dog bread and sweet bread with margarine were consumed by 86.5% of the interviewees on a daily basis; sugar sweetened beverages by 68.4%, and biscuits as well as candies by 77.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The women's diet in the prison is of low quality, and may lead to metabolic alterations, obesity and other comorbidities. It is recommended that the prison's Food Evaluation Committee considers improvements to the quality of the prisoners' diets.

Consumo de alimentos ultra-procesados en reclusas de una cárcel femenina de São Paulo Brasil / Ultra-processed foods consumption among inmates in a women's prison in São Paulo, Brazil

Objetivo: Evaluar el consumo de alimentos ultra-procesados entre las reclusas en una prisión femenina en el Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 2012/2013 con 1.013 reclusas. El instrumento de recolección de datos contempló cuestiones sociodemográficas, morbilidad referida y acciones de prevención, indicadores relacionados al estilo de vida y comportamientos de salud. El consumo de alimentos se verificó de acuerdo con el grado de procesamiento de los alimentos: in natura o mínimamente procesados, procesados y ultraprocesados. Resultados: La edad varió de 18 a 65 años, el 51,7% eran negras, el 80,3% tenían hijos, el 69,5% fumaban, el 47% tenía sobrepeso/obesidad y la mitad de ellas tenían hipertrigliceridemia. La prevalencia de consumo diario de alimentos naturales o mínimamente procesados (arroz, frijoles y harina de mandioca) fue del 87,7%. La prevalencia de consumo diario de hojas verdes y otros vegetales fue del 63,7%. Alrededor de dos tercios reportaron consumir frecuentemente leche y pollo frito. Se observó una alta prevalencia de consumo diario de alimentos ultra-procesados en este estudio. El pan de perro caliente o "hot dog" y el pan dulce con margarina fueron consumidos por el 86,5% de las entrevistadas, refrescos por el 68,4%, galletas y dulces por el 77,1%. Conclusiones: El alimento servido en la cárcel es de baja calidad, y puede llevar a cambios metabólicos, obesidad y otras comorbilidades. Se recomienda que el Comité de Evaluación de Alimentos de la cárcel considere la mejora de la calidad de los alimentos servidos

Objectives: To assess the consumption of ultra-processed foods among inmates in a women's prison in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2012/2013 with 1,013 female inmates. A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic, self-reported morbidity and healthy lifestyles and health-related behaviors data. The inmates' usual diet was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Foods were classified as either natural or minimally processed, processed or ultra-processed. Results: Inmates age ranged from 18 to 65 years, 51.7% were black, 80.3% had children, 69.5% smoked, 47% were overweight/obese and half of them had high blood triglycerides. The prevalence of daily consumption of natural or minimally processed foods (rice, beans and cassava flour) was 87.7%. The prevalence of daily consumption of green leafy and other vegetables was 63.7%. Almost two-thirds reported consuming milk and fried chicken frequently. A high prevalence of daily consumption of ultra-processed foods was observed in this study. Hot dog bread and sweet bread with margarine were consumed by 86.5% of the interviewees on a daily basis; sugar sweetened beverages by 68.4%, and biscuits as well as candies by 77.1%. Conclusions: The women's diet in the prison is of low quality, and may lead to metabolic alterations, obesity and other comorbidities. It is recommended that the prison's Food Evaluation Committee considers improvements to the quality of the prisoners' diets

Evaluación de conocimientos médicos: diagnóstico de afecciones dermatológicas prevalentes / Evaluation of medical skills: diagnosis of prevalent dermatological lesions

Objetivo. La enseñanza de la dermatología es a menudo poco apreciada, a pesar de las frecuentes afecciones dermatológicas en la práctica clínica. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar los conocimientos de médicos no dermatólogos de estudiantes del curso de medicina de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Estatal de Campinas, Brasil, en el tratamiento de pacientes con afecciones dermatológicas. Entre los estudiantes había 24que integraban un nuevo modelo curricular, después de la reforma educativa, lo que permitió un mayor número de actividades relacionadas con la especialidad. Sujetos y métodos. Este estudio se desarrolló a través de un examen escrito con diez casos clínicos y sus imágenes. El sujeto evaluado debía marcar una de las cinco alternativas para cada pregunta. Este instrumento se administró a 83médicos y 55 estudiantes de medicina, de forma anónima. Entre el grupo de médicos, ocho eran especialistas en Dermatología y sirvieron como referencia para el estudio. Resultados. Los estudiantes del nuevo plan de estudios obtuvieron un promedio de 6,34 en relación con la puntuación de los dermatólogos, considerada de 10, la más alta posible. La puntuación promedio de los otros estudiantes fue de 3,82, y la de los médicos no especialistas de las unidades básicas, de 3,32. Conclusiones. El estudio permitió demostrar que los cambios en la enseñanza de la Dermatología fueron importantes para la adquisición de conocimientos de la especialidad por los alumnos que siguieron el nuevo currículo de la facultad y para asumir que los médicos no especialistas del Programa de Salud Familiar que prestan servicios en atención primaria de las regiones estudiadas no recibían formación suficiente para el ejercicio de la especialidad en la calidad de médicos conformación general (AU)

Aim. Instruction in dermatology is often under-valued, inspite of the frequency of dermatological complaints in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to evaluate the skill of doctors who are not dermatologists as well as the students of the Medical School at the Campinas State University, Brazil, in the treatment of patients with dermatological lesions. Among the students, there are 24 participating in a new model of curriculum, which came as a result of a revision of teaching methods, which allows a greater number of activities relating to this specialty. Subjects and methods. This study was designed by using a writing test which contains ten clinical cases and the images relating to these cases. The person being evaluated was required to choose one of five alternatives for each question. This instrument was applied anonymously to 83 doctors and 55 medical students. In this group of doctors, eight were specialists in dermatology and served as a point of reference for the study. Results. Students of the new curriculum had an average of 6.34 considering the note of dermatologists as ten, the maximum score possible. The average of the other students was 3.82 and the average of the non-specialist doctors attending in primary care units was 3.32. Conclusions. The research demonstrated that the change in teaching of dermatology was a relevant factor for the acquisition of knowledge in this area in the new curriculum at the university. It also supported what had been previously supposed, that non-specialists in the Family Health Program who attend patients at health primary care in the regions evaluated did not receive adequate training for the performance of this specialty as expected to general practitioners (AU)