Antioxidant defense of children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis: Association with disease severity.

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a relapsing, chronic cutaneous inflammatory disease with onset, in general, in early childhood. Chronic skin inflammation is associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defense, results in tissue inflammation due to the upregulation of genes that encode inflammatory cytokines. This condition plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. OBJECTIVE: To compare the antioxidant defense in children and adolescents with AD with that of healthy individuals and to verify the association of antioxidant defense with disease severity and nutritional status. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that evaluated 48 children and adolescents with AD and 25 controls for nutritional assessment (body mass index z score [BMIZ] and height for age z score [HAZ]) and levels of vitamins A, C, E, and D, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 33 (IL-33). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the comparison between AD and control groups for serum levels of vitamins (A, D, C, and E), copper, and antioxidant enzymes. Serum zinc levels were higher in the AD group (ß = 24.20; 95% CI 13.95-34.91; P < 0.001) even after adjusting the BMIZ, HAZ, gender, IL-33, and CRP. Children and adolescents with moderate or severe AD compared to mild AD (SCORAD - 36.7±17.4 vs 11.8 ± 3.9; P < 0.001) had lower values of the vitamin E/total lipid ratio (3.68 [0.29;12.63] vs 5.92 [3.27;17.37]; P = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents with AD had higher concentrations OF elevated levels of zinc compared to controls, a fact not observed for other biomarkers of antioxidant defense. AD in moderate or severe forms presented lower concentrations of vitamin E, a potent antioxidant fat soluble.

Antioxidant defense of children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis: Association with disease severity

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a relapsing, chronic cutaneous inflammatory disease with onset, in general, in early childhood. Chronic skin inflammation is associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defense, results in tissue inflammation due to the upregulation of genes that encode inflammatory cytokines. This condition plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Objective: To compare the antioxidant defense in children and adolescents with AD with that of healthy individuals and to verify the association of antioxidant defense with disease severity and nutritional status. Methods: Cross-sectional study that evaluated 48 children and adolescents with AD and 25 controls for nutritional assessment (body mass index z score [BMIZ] and height for age z score [HAZ]) and levels of vitamins A, C, E, and D, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 33 (IL-33). Results: There was no significant difference in the comparison between AD and control groups for serum levels of vitamins (A, D, C, and E), copper, and antioxidant enzymes. Serum zinc levels were higher in the AD group (β = 24.20; 95% CI 13.95–34.91; P < 0.001) even after adjusting the BMIZ, HAZ, gender, IL-33, and CRP. Children and adolescents with moderate or severe AD compared to mild AD (SCORAD – 36.7±17.4 vs 11.8 ± 3.9; P < 0.001) had lower values of the vitamin E/total lipid ratio (3.68 [0.29;12.63] vs 5.92 [3.27;17.37]; P = 0.013) (AU)

Uso de leite processado em altas temperaturas por paciente com alergia ao leite de vaca - relato de caso / Use of milk processed at high temperatures by a patient with cow's milk allergy: case report

Objetivo: Relatar a evolução clínica de um escolar com alergia ao leite de vaca (ALV) que fez uso de leite de vaca processado em altas temperaturas (LVPAT). Descrição: H.B.M., sexo masculino, 7 anos, com ALV IgE mediada diagnosticada com 1 ano e 3 meses. Aos 2 anos foi submetido a teste de provocação oral (TPO) aberto para leite de vaca (LV) in natura, evoluindo com urticária, congestão nasal e vômito após a primeira dose (1 mL). Mãe relatou alguns episódios de exposição acidental ao LV acompanhados de sintomas. As Imunoglobulinas E para LV e frações mantiveram-se elevadas (IgE leite total: 4,69 KU/L) até os 6 anos, quando a criança realizou TPO com LVPAT, sob a forma de bolo, evoluindo sem intercorrências. Passou a consumir diariamente uma porção do bolo contendo leite processado durante 6 meses. Aos 7 anos e com IgEs específicas mais baixas (IgE específica leite total: 2,2 KU/L), realizou TPO com LV in natura sem sintomas, sendo liberado na dieta. Comentários: O uso do leite de vaca processado em altas temperaturas em pacientes com ALV IgE mediada é uma estratégia promissora com impacto na tolerância futura ao alimento, tendo resultados favoráveis com ênfase na qualidade de vida e inclusão social. No entanto, vale ressaltar a importância da avaliação individualizada dos pacientes e a segurança da equipe na aplicação desses protocolos, além de levar em consideração que a alergia pode ser transitória, mesmo sem o uso do leite processado.

Objective: To report the clinical evolution of a school-age boy with cow's milk allergy CMA) who made use of cow's milk processed at high temperatures (CMPHT). Description: H.B.M., male, 7 years old, was diagnosed with IgE-mediated CMA at 1 year and 3 months of age. At 2 years of age, the patient underwent an open oral food challenge for raw cow's milk (CM) and developed urticaria, nasal congestion and vomiting after the first dose (1 mL). The mother reported some episodes of accidental exposure to CM, accompanied by symptoms. Specific IgEs against CM and its fractions remained elevated (total cow's milk: 4.69 KU/L) until 6 years of age, when the patient underwent a new oral food challenge for CMPHT, in the form of a cake, without symptoms. He then began to consume a portion of cake containing baked milk daily, for 6 months. At the age of 7 and with lower levels of specific IgEs (total cow's milk: 2.2 KU/L), he underwent another oral food challenge for raw CM, without symptoms. An unrestricted diet was then authorized. Comments: The use of cow's milk processed at high temperatures in patients with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy is a promising strategy, with impact on future food tolerance, favorable results, with emphasis on quality of life and social inclusion. However, an individualized assessment of each patient is extremely important, as is the confidence of the team while applying these protocols. It should be taken into consideration that the allergy may be transient even without the use of processed milk.