Practices for caring in nursing: Brazilian research groups.

BACKGROUND: The present study considers the production of knowledge and the interactions in the environment of research and their relationships in the system of caring in nursing and health. AIM: To elaborate a theoretical model of the organization of the practices used for caring, based on the experiences made by the research groups of administration and management in nursing, in Brazil. METHODS: The study is based on grounded theory. Twelve leaders of research groups, working as professors in public universities in the south and the south-east of Brazil, distributed in sample groups, were interviewed. FINDINGS: The core phenomenon 'research groups of administration and management in nursing: arrangements and interactions in the system of caring in nursing' was derived from the categories: conceptual bases and contexts of the research groups; experiencing interactions in the research groups; functionality of the research groups; and outputs of the research groups. The research groups are integrated in the system of caring in nursing. CONCLUSIONS: The activities of the Brazilian administration and management in nursing research groups are process oriented and in a process of constant renovation, socially relevant, operate in a complex scenario and contribute to the advancement of the organizations of the system of caring in nursing through strengthening the connection among academia, service and community.

Presença dos antígenos C (rh') e/ou E (rh") em doadores de sangue Rh negativos analisados no Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Rio Grande do Norte - Hemonorte / Presence of the C (rh') and/or R (rh\")antigenes blood donors Rh negatives analysed at the Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Rio Grande do Norte - Hemonorte

Foram analisados o fator Rh de 32.455 doadores de sangue no Centro de Hamatologia e Hemoterapia do Rio grande do Norte – HEMONORTE e a freqüência dos ant´genos C (rh´) e E (rh”) de 3.3193 doadores Rh negativos, no período de janeiro de 1993 a maio de 1995, onde 2.966 (92,9 por cento) são do sexo masculino e 227 (7,1 por cento) são do sexo feminino. Para a demonstração dos dados, foram elaboradas tabelas com a freqüência do fator Rh, onde 90,16 por cento são fator Rh Positivos e 9,84 por cento são fator Rh negativos. Quanto a presença ou ausência dos antígenos C (rh’) e E (rh”), 172 (5,39 por cento) apresentam antígeno C (rh’), enquanto 77 (2,40 por cento) possuem o antígeno E (rh”), ficando 2.944 (92,21 por cento) dos doadores Rh Negativos sem a presença dos referidos Rh antígenos.

Prevalencia de anticorpos contra o virus da papilomatose bovina no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. / Bovine papilloma virus antibodies in the State of Rio de Janeiro

Soros de 1174 bovinos, de 10 rebanhos leiteiros do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foram testados para anticorpos contra o virus de papillomatose bovina, utilizando-se a microprova de imunodifusao em agar. A especificidade das reacoes foi confirmada quando grupos de particulas virais foram observados nas linhas de precipitacao, pela microscopia eletronica. Anticorpos de origem materna foram demonstrados em 18,3% dos bezerros, menores de tres meses de idade, enquanto que anticorpos so foram demonstrados em 2,0% dos bezerros, entre quatro e seis meses de idade. Anticorpos tambem foram demonstrados em 21,5% dos bezerros, entre sete e 12 meses de idade; em 25% dos animais, entre 13 e 18 meses de idade; em 21,2% dis animais, entre 19 e 30 meses de idade; em 23,7% dos animais, entre 31 e 48 meses de idade e em 23,1% dos animais, maiores de 49 meses de idade

Influence of bolus temperature on human esophageal motor function.

Hot and cold water, in comparison to room temperature water, ingested by normal young men, profoundly alters esophageal motor function. Cold water slows or abolishes esophageal peristalsis, prolongs the contraction wave in the distal esophagus, produces a delayed but prolonged relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, and regularly causes a lower esophageal sphincteric contraction of increased amplitude. It does not, however, diminish the frequency of response of the lower esophageal sphincter even when the peristaltic wave above is abolished. Hot water, on the other hand, accelerates the response of the esophagus to the swallow; this change is reflected by increased speed of wave propagation, waves of shorter duration, a more brief relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, and a lower esophageal sphincter contraction of less amplitude. Hot water may even increase the frequency of peristalsis at least in the proximal esophagus. In spite of these changes, however, neither extreme of temperature altered the rapid passage of the water swallows through the more proximal portions of the esophagus. Hot water tended to traverse the lower esophageal sphincter more rapidly than did room temperature water, but cold water was often delayed in entering the stomach and tended to pool in the distal esophagus even though sphincteric relaxation was manometrically complete and prolonged.