Two new species of Manerebia Staudinger from paramo habitat in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera of the Andes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Pronophilina).

Two new species of the genus Manerebia Staudinger, 1897 (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) are described from paramo habitat on the eastern slopes of the Colombian Eastern Cordillera in the area of Pisba and La Colorada: Manerebia bernito n. sp. and Manerebia clarita n. sp. Both are morphologically most similar to Manerebia levana and Manerebia pervaga, and the possible phylogenetic relationship between them is hypothesized. Their habitat is described and a proposal of their conservation status is made. With the addition of the two new species described in this study, a total of 15 species of Manerebia are reported from Colombia. However, a molecular analysis should be carried out to validate the taxonomic status of several species of Manerebia, in particular having in mind a potentially high cryptic diversity of this genus.

Analysis of some morphological characters of Elzunia Bryk, 1937 (Nymphalidae: Danainae: Ithomiini) results in a revised classification.

We propose a revised classification for the genus Elzunia Bryk, 1937, with four species and 20 subspecies. We describe two new subspecies, Elzunia humboldt carlosi Le Crom and Llorente, ssp. nov., and Elzunia humboldt willmotti Le Crom, Llorente and Andrade, ssp. nov. We recognize five additional unnamed subspecies but do not describe them because they are represented by too little material. A detailed examination of 854 specimens from 31 collections allowed us to define 24 stable phenotypes and delimit their geographic distribution. We present a diagnosis and description for each taxon and provide images of the wing coloration pattern and male genitalia, and a distribution map. We also present a key for all the species and subspecies. We conducted a multivariate statistical analysis of measurements of the discal cell (DC) veins, and with this we explore the species groupings by these characters. Lastly, we discuss mimetic interactions of this genus with species of other Ithomiini and Heliconiinae.

[The taxonomy and distribution of Nathalis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in Colombia]. / Taxonomía y distribución de Nathalis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) en Colombia.

In Colombia, Nathalis has two described species: N. iole and N. plauta. Previous authors did not make detailed descriptions of its distribution in meridional regions and failed to differentiate both species based on genitalic characters. Some wing marks have been enough to separate them, but co-specificity was a possibility. They inhabit Colombia above 2000 m in the paramo, and have a vicariant distribution from the remaining population of N. iole in the Antillean and Central and North America. An analysis focused on male and female genitalia, as well as the wing pattern of more than 100 specimens from the Colombian Andes (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Sierra de Perijá) and Mexico, indicates that the two species differ in their genitalia, and considering their allopatric distribution, we support the specific distinction of N. iole and N. plauta. We describe a new endemic subspecies found exclusively in the paramo above 3000 m, an area where other endemics occur. It has phenotypic plasticity related to environmental factors.