RESUMO
Through the process of enteric fermentation, cattle produce methane (CH), a potent greenhouse gas (GHG). Growing public concern about climate change has increased the need for accurate methods of measuring CH emissions from cattle directly to improve emission inventories and evaluate emissions mitigation techniques. The present study evaluated a ventilated head box system capable of measuring CH and carbon dioxide (CO) emissions, and oxygen (O) consumption from cattle. Six Holstein heifers were used to measure CH and CO emissions and O consumption from 2 ad libitum intake measurement periods (ADAPT and ADLIB) and 1 measurement period (RESTRICT) with intake restricted to 2% of BW on a DM basis. Methane emissions during RESTRICT were significantly lower ( < 0.0001) than both ad libitum periods. Daily CH4 emission rates per animal were 235.0 ± 6.19 L/d, 228.3 ± 6.18 L/d, and 193.2 ± 8.88 L/d for the periods ADAPT, ADLIB, and RESTRICT, respectively. Carbon dioxide emission rates were 3627 ± 90.72 L/d, 3632 ± 90.47, and 3184 ± 104.79 L/d for the ADAPT, ADLIB, and RESTRICT periods, respectively. Oxygen consumption rates were 3391 ± 99.77 L/d, 3454 ± 99.57 L/d, and 3002 ± 111.36 L/d for the periods ADAPT, ADLIB, and RESTRICT, respectively. The head box system evaluated provides an accurate method of measuring emissions from cattle and can provide information about daily variations and peaks in emissions.
Assuntos
Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Bovinos/fisiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos , Metano/metabolismo , Ração Animal , Animais , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Feminino , Fermentação , Trato Gastrointestinal/química , Metano/análiseRESUMO
Two novel human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles were characterized by means of sequencing-based typing techniques. HLA-A*310103 was identified in a cord blood unit from a Caucasoid individual. The sequence of this allele is identical to that of HLA-A*310102 except for a silent mutation in exon 3 at position 480 (G --> A). HLA-B*9531 was found in a Caucasoid female patient registered on the heart transplantation waiting list in the North Italy Transplant programme. This new variant differs from HLA-B*1503 at position 572 (G --> C) in exon 3. This nucleotide change leads to an amino acidic substitution at codon 167 from tryptophan to serine.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Alelos , Sequência de Bases , Feminino , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
We report here the exon 2 sequence of the novel HLA-DRB1*110403 which differs from DRB1*110401 by a single synonymous nucleotide substitution at codon 78, where TAC is substituted by TAT. The variant originally identified in a Caucasoid individual was confirmed by cloning and sequencing.
Assuntos
Alelos , Éxons/genética , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Sequência de Bases , Genótipo , Cadeias HLA-DRB1 , Haplótipos/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Linhagem , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo Conformacional de Fita Simples , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , População BrancaRESUMO
A new HLA-B allele, B*5615, has been identified in a Caucasian individual by sequence-based typing. This allele shows a sequence identical to that of HLA-B*5601 except for two nucleotide substitutions that cause a change from TTA to TAC at codon 116 and an amino acidic change from Leucine to Tyrosine in the mature protein.
Assuntos
Alelos , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Sequência de Bases , Códon , Éxons , Feminino , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Homozigoto , Humanos , Leucina/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutação Puntual , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Tirosina/genéticaRESUMO
We report the identification of a novel HLA-DRB1*11 using sequence-based typing. This new allele, officially named DRB1*1150, was detected while performing HLA-DRB1 high-resolution typing of a candidate for bone marrow transplantation. DRB1*1150 is identical to DRB1*1143 except at nucleotides 200 and 227, where a T is substituted by a C and a T by an A, respectively. These differences give rise to two amino acid substitutions at codons 38 (Val-->Ala) and 47 (Phe-->Tyr).
